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TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I
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ABSTRACTS
VOLUME I
ICM Experiences
Taking the Stock of
and Advising the Way Forward
with ICZM in the Black Sea Region
Valeria Abaza(1),
Ekaterina Antonidze(2), Lyudmil Ikonomov(3),
Mamuka Gvilava(4), Catalina Ispas-Sava(5), Leonid Yarmak(6),
Nihan Şahin Hamamci(7), Victor Karamushka(8) Françoise
Breton(9), Željka Škaričić (10), Brian Shipman(11) and
Erdal Özhan(12)
(1) Pollution
Monitoring and Assessment Officer, Permanent Secretariat,
Commission on the
Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution
(2) Chairperson,
ICZM Advisory Group to the Black Sea Commission
ICZM National Focal
Points and Designees for
(3) Bulgaria, (4)
Georgia, (5) Romania, (6) Russian Federation, (7) Turkey, (8) Ukraine
(9) PEGASO
Scientific Coordinator, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
(10) PEGASO Work
Package 2 Leader, Director, UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC, Croatia
(11) ICZM
Consultant, UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC, Croatia
(12) PEGASO Work
Package 7 Leader, President, MEDCOAST Foundation, Turkey
(4) Corresponding
Author
c/o GeoGraphic, 10,
Bulachauri Street, Tbilisi, 0160, Georgia
Phone: +995 32
2382542
Mobile: +995 599
546616
Fax: +995 32
2381948
E-mail: MGvilava@ICZM.ge
Abstract
The preliminary results of the stock taking of ICZM are presented for
the Black Sea countries and the region, as developed within the framework of
the EU FP7 PEGASO project. National responses to the Implementation Audit
Questionnaire were reviewed to assess and, to a certain degree, quantify the
progress of implementation. Regional implications were highlighted and some
recommendations suggested for possible further courses of action on ICZM in the
Black Sea Region.
CAMP Levante de Almeria: an Experience on
ICZM
Ana Correa Peña
Oficinas
Administrativas del PN Cabo de Gata-Níjar C/Fundición s/n 04115
Rodalquilar
(Níjar), Almería, Spain
Tel: +34 657647577
E-mail:
anaml.correa@gmail.com
Abstract
The East of Almeria is one of the most arid areas in the Mediterranean,
while one of the best preserved, it harbours a large variety of ecosystems,
marine and terrestrials, unique in Europe. A coastal area like this one, is
challenging many interests of occupation and development in addition, another
relevant characteristic is having the distribution of competences between
different administrations.
For those reasons, the Spanish Ministry of the Environment, and Rural
and Marine Affairs, the Andalusian Ministry of the Environment and the
Mediterranean Action Plan (UNEP-MAP) have chosen the Levante de Almeria as a
CAMP for a pilot project transferable at local, national and regional levels.
The acronym CAMP stands for “Coastal Areas Management Programme” which
UNEP-MAP has been implementing in the Mediterranean Countries for around 20
years.
Imagine the future of our coast is the slogan selected for this project
which will turn this area into a sustainability laboratory. CAMP Levante de
Almeria project is no more and no less than a test, a practical demonstration
of how to implement the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) concept in
Spain in compliance with the ICZM Protocol (the seventh protocol in the
framework of the Barcelona Convention). Therefore, CAMP serves as a way to
design and implement new practices in connection with the vertical and
horizontal coordination between administrations and the public participation in
decision-making processes related to the coast, with the fundamental objective
of achieving a more sustainable development of the coast.
It is therefore a new formula which is tested on a trial basis, based on
a learning and participatory process. The administration and the territorial
stakeholders study the key resources for coastal sustainability, make a
diagnosis of the problems including the present management of the coast in
order to obtain as the main result a common project for the whole territory,
expressed in a strategy which lays down the steps to follow in order to make socio-economic
development supportive of the necessary conservation of the environment nature
taking into account the social needs. This strategy is named Sustainable
Development Reference Framework.
As mentioned above, it should be pointed out that this project means a
common effort and special commitment from the entities involved, attracting
other administrative levels as the provincial government or the municipalities.
At the same time the project aims to promote ownership of the stakeholders and
citizens in the decision making processes.
As a final remark, it should be
underline that for the first time a CAMP project, Levante de Almeria, has been
conceived as a step in the implementation of the ICZM Protocol, the only
present legal international instrument on Integrated Coastal Zone Management.
The Effect of
Participation on the ICZM Effectiveness:
The Egyptian Experience
Hossam Samir Ibrahim (1) and Ibrahim
Hegazy (2)
(1) Faculty of
Regional & Urban planning, Cairo University, Egypt
Phone: +2 01522838366, +2 0100 8900 56
Email: h1_sadeldin@yahoo.com
(2) Faculty of Engineering, El Mansoura
University, Egypt
Phone: +2 014 9696 411
Email: i.hegazy@ymail.com
Abstract
In the face of
ever-increasing population and tourism pressures, coastal managers find it hard
to keep their seaside towns and environs healthy and attractive. This occurs
despite growing evidence that highlights the problem combined with experience
offering proven solutions. While a lack of willingness and money are often
cited as key constraints in achieving integrated management in coastal areas,
haphazard responses and limited participation by locals in the process of
coastal management are more significant factors explaining the lack of
successful in the implementation of integrated coastal management. These
experiences are very evident in developing countries. Egypt, provides an
excellent case study of this experience. Although the Egyptian government has
highlighted the importance of environmental issues as a national priority, sectoral
policy making still predominates, leading to stakeholder conflict (Abul-Azm et
al., 2003, World Bank, 2005). It is along the coastal areas that arguably these
conflicts are most intense.
This paper reviews
ICZM process in Egypt focusing on discussing the public participation and the
stakeholder involvement. It seeks through a critical evaluation to provide some
practical recommendations that could help to enhance the implementation of ICZM
in Egypt and other developing countries.
Integrated Management
Strategies for Sustainable
Development of Productive Activities in Sacca di Goro
Rossella Boscolo
Brusà(1), Andrea Bonometto(1), Alessandra
Feola(1), Federica Oselladore(1), Massimo Gabellini(1),
Carla Rita Ferrari(2) and Leonardo Palumbo(3)
(1) ISPRA -
National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Loc.
Brondolo, 30015
Chioggia (Venice), Italy
Tel: +
39-041-5543933 Fax: + 39-041-5547897
E-mail:
rossella.boscolo@isprambiente.it
(2) Arpa - Regional
Agency for the Environmental Protection - Emilia-
Romagna, Cesenatico
FC
E-mail:
cferrari@arpa.emr.it
(3) Regione
Emilia-Romagna, Water Protection and Restoration Unit, Viale
della fiera, 8 -
40127 Bologna
Tel +39.051.5276897
Fax +39.051.5276874
E-mail: lepalumbo@regione.emilia-romagna.it
Abstract
The Sacca di Goro lagoon is a shallow-water embayment located in the
Southern part of the Po River delta (Italy) with a surface area of about 30
square kilometers and an average depth of approximately 1-1.5 m. The water
exchanges between the Sacca di Goro and the adjacent Adriatic Sea depend on two
openings in the southern sand barrier. The lagoon watershed is 860 square
kilometers. The eastern part of this watershed belongs to the Po delta, while
the western part is for the most part a manregulated system resulting from a
centuries old reclamation.
The Sacca di Goro complex and delicate ecosystem is regulated by a
system of environmental policies (Natura 2000 network, national/regional and
local protected areas and reserves). On the other hand the lagoon is affected
by several anthropogenic pressures due to watershed land use and exploitation
of lagoon resources. The main economical activities in the study site are clam
farming in the lagoon and agriculture in the terrestrial part of the basin.
Over the years the lagoon surface reduction was of about 100.000 hectares for
land reclamation activities.
At present, the Sacca di Goro is one of the top European sites for clams
production. A great part of the lagoon surface is exploited for clam farming
managed by cooperatives of fishermen. The watershed of the Sacca di Goro is
exploited for
agriculture and the main crop types (maize and wheat, rice, sugar beet,
soybean and vegetables) are cultivated with conventional techniques, using
pesticides and fertilizers with a potential impact on water quality. Nutrient
enrichment, loss of self-purification capacity due to watershed land use and
low water renewal in the inner part of the lagoon, are the major causes of
dystrophic crises in summer, with anoxia, anaerobic processes and inherent high
reducing conditions with breakdown of the trophic structure of the system.
Following the DPSIR conceptual approach Drivers, Pressure, State,
Impacts have been evaluated in order to identify Responses able to ensure
sustainable development of the area. Appropriate mitigation and compensation
measures have been identified combining environmental protection requirements,
sustainability and economic productivity and achieving multiple goals in a
synergistic way. In particular, constructed wetlands, channel restoration and
buffering ecosystem creation (riparian buffer strips and buffer zones) have
been proposed as multifunctional measures (ecosystem benefits, water pollution
control, groundwater recharge, flood control, etc.) for an integrated
management of the area.
The proposals have been included in spatial planning to meet both
requirements of environmental protection and enhancement of the territory, in
an area characterized by delicate balances already heavily modified by
anthropogenic actions. Operational proposals of potential interventions have
been developed evaluating surface hydrography, topography of the area, land use
and urban settlements and related infrastructure. Different areas of possible
intervention have been identified immediately behind the Sacca and within part
of the basin between the Delta Po and the river Volano Po. Future work will
develop a cost-effectiveness analysis.
Coastal Pressures
Assessment and Management in
PEGASO Danube Delta Case
Iulian Nichersu (1), Eugenia Marin (1, 2), Marian Mierla (1, 3),
Cristian Trifanov (1, 4) and Iuliana Nichersu (1, 5)
(1) Danube Delta
National Institute for Research and Development, Department
of Research,
Babadag Street, 165 - 820112 Tulcea, Romania
Tel:
+0040-240-524546 Fax: +0040-240-533547
E-mail:
iuli@indd.tim.ro
(2) E-mail: jenica@
indd.tim.ro
(3) E-mail:
mmierla@indd.tim.ro
(4) E-mail: kriss@
indd.tim.ro
(5) E-mail:
iulianan@ indd.tim.ro
Abstract
PEGASO is an FP7 project which aims to bring the science and end-users
communities relevant to the Mediterranean and Black Sea together, to work
together to identify common threats and solutions in relation to the long term
sustainable development and environmental protection of coastal zones, and
build the capacity for implementing the principles of ICZM Protocol in order to
help countries to put the Protocol into practice. Romania is one the PEGASO
partner from the Black Sea basin that will implement and adapt in Danube Delta
coastal area case study the tools developed within the project in order to
identify most important topics and risks according to the area’s specific
needs, will participate at creation of a database for ICZM, develop thematic
maps and get involved in organizational design in the field of maritime spatial
planning.
This paper assesses the status of the coast of Danube Delta (Romania) in
the context of global changes and anthropogenic pressures and its related
coastal impacts as habitat degradation, erosion, as well as the present context
of coastal management and spatial planning frame policies. Taking into account
these pressures, steps towards integrated coastal zone management are urgently
required to guide for a sustainable coevolution of natural and human systems
within the Danube Delta coastal area.
In order to asses and find new relations between the components of the
socioeconomic and the ecological system a very strong tool is to be applied:
the SketchMatch participatory method (spatial planning tool).
Coastal Zone Management: Case of Sarıyer,
Turkey
Hayriye Eşbah(1), Müge Tokuş(1,2) and F.
Ayçim Türer Başkaya(1,3)
(1)Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of
Architecture Landscape
Architecture
Department 34437 Taşkışla, Taksim, İstanbul (212)293 1300,
E-mail:
esbah@itu.edu.tr
(2) E-mail:
mtokus@itu.edu.tr
(3) E-mail:
turerfat@itu.edu.tr
Abstract
The town of Sariyer, is located at the intersection of Black Sea and
Bosporus on the European side of Istanbul. It comprises most of the Istanbul’s
unfragmented forests and ecologically, economically and socially significant
coastal line. On the other hand, Sariyer struggles with the challenges of
urbanization: Increasing population and squatter settlements, urban expansion
on natural areas, spatially and structurally changing coastal zone, proposed
third bridge crossing Bosporus, and pollution are just few to mention.
Sustainable urban and coastal zone development and environmental management is
essential for Sarıyer’s future, hence contributing to the livability of
Istanbul at larger scale. Successful resource management on any scale requires
a system of legitimate institutions. Thus, the institutional environment is
critical in promoting sustainable land use pattern, as this environment is a
major determinant of long-term growth. This environment consists of formal
rules such as property rights, laws, constitutions, international treaties and
informal constraints such as norms of behavior, conventions, and self-imposed
codes of conduct, and characteristics of their enforcement. In this framework,
organizations, which include political, economic, social, and educational
bodies, are also important. This study inquires about the specific implications
of the institutional environment for rapidly urbanizing town of Sariyer. It
highlights the typical characteristics of the institutional environment with
respect to environmental and coastal zone management in Turkey. The impacts of
the inefficient institutional structure on the transformation of the landscapes
are illustrated through landscape and site scale examples by using GIS and
landscape ecology approaches. The outcomes of the study can help improving
sustainable planning practices, hence, in turn, promote sustainable coastal
zone development in Sariyer and other coastal towns with similar concerns.
Legal
Issues and International Partnership
Joint Investigations
of the Coastal Zone of Ukraine and
Russia in the Black Sea
Valery Eremeev (1),
Ruben Kosyan (2), Marina Krylenko (3),
Sergey Dotsenko (4), Igor Timchenko (5), Eugeny Godin (6) and
Alexey Khaliulin (7)
(1) Marine Hydrophysical Institute of NASU, 2,
Kapitanskaya St., Sevastopol,
99011, Ukraine
E-mail:director@ibss.iuf.net
(2) Southern
Southern Branch of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology,
RAS, 353467,
Gelendzhik, Russia
Tel.:
+7(86141)28281 Fax: +7 (86141) 28089
E-mail:rkosyan@hotmail.com
(3) Southern
Southern Branch of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology,
RAS, 353467,
Gelendzhik, Russia
E-mail:
krylenko@mail.ru
(4) Marine
Hydrophysical Institute of NASU, 2, Kapitanskaya St., Sevastopol,
99011, Ukraine
E-mail:
sf_dotsenko@mail.ru
(5) Marine
Hydrophysical Institute of NASU, 2, Kapitanskaya St., Sevastopol,
99011, Ukraine
E-mail:timchenko.igor3@gmail.com
(6) Marine
Hydrophysical Institute of NASU, 2, Kapitanskaya St., Sevastopol,
99011, Ukraine
E-mail: khaliulin.alexey@nodc.org.ua
(7) Marine
Hydrophysical Institute of NASU, 2, Kapitanskaya St., Sevastopol,
99011, Ukraine
E-mail:
godin.eugeny@nodc.org.ua
Abstract
The paper presents information on the results of the project on
scientific research of hydrosphere and lithosphere interaction processes in the
ecosystems of the Black sea coast of Russia and Ukraine in framework of
cooperation between these countries. On the basis of the research conducted,
the experience accumulated in MHI NAS of Ukraine and SB of IO RAS, and current
tendencies in organization of integrated coastal zone management, a number of
points were formulated to develop the united long term strategy for protection
of the Russian and Ukrainian Black sea coastal zone, taking into account its
geoecological state, natural and technogenic factors.
Action Plan for the
Implementation of the ICZM
Protocol for the Mediterranean
Marko Prem
UNEP Mediterranean Action Plan, Priority
Actions Programme Regional
Activity Centre
(PAP/RAC), 21000 Split, Croatia
Tel: + 385-21-340
475, Fax: + 385-21-340 490
E-mail:
marko.prem@ppa.t-com.hr
Abstract
The Barcelona Convention as the legal framework and its seven specific
Protocols complete the legal system for the Mediterranean region. The entering
into force of the ICZM Protocol on 24 March 2011 marked the important milestone
in the timeline of ICZM. In this way MAP demonstrated its will to keep ahead in
terms of legal innovation and marine and coastal governance within the Regional
Seas context. The preparation of the Action Plan (AP) for the implementation of
the ICZM Protocol shows that this will has not lost its speed. The rationale
and the AP itself are presented in this paper. Given are the main principles,
objectives and priority activities proposed in the AP for the period 2012 –
2019.
PAP/RAC and
MedPartnership - Together for the
Implementation of the ICZM Protocol
Daria Povh
Škugor(1), Brian Shipman(2),
Marko Prem (3) and Marina Marković(4)
(1) PAP/RAC, 21000 Split, Croatia
Tel. +385-21-34 04
78; Fax: +385-21-34 04 90
E-mail:
daria.povh@ppa.t-com.hr
(2) Tel. +385-21-34
04 92
E-mail:
brian.shipman@ppa.t-com.hr
(3) Tel. +385-21-34
04 75
E-mail:
marko.prem@ppa.t-com.hr
(4) Tel. +385-21-34
04 76
E-mail: marina.markovic@ppa.t-com.hr
Abstract
The UNEP/MAP GEF Strategic Partnership for the Mediterranean Large
Marine Ecosystem (MedPartnership) is a project that pays particular attention
to integrated approaches through the first of its four components. PAP/RAC’s project
entitled simply “ICZM” is presented in this paper. The period of the
development of the MedPartnership project, as well as the period of its implementation,
is also the period in which the ICZM Protocol for the Mediterranean has been negotiated,
finalised, adopted, signed and finally, in March 2011, entered into force.
PAP/RAC’s activities within this project are all aimed at building the
knowledge and experience base in order to secure the highest quality support to
the Mediterranean countries for the ratification and implementation of the ICZM
Protocol. Therefore, one of the major activities is an analysis of the ICZM
Protocol and dissemination of the structured examples of harmonisation of
national legislation with the ICZM Protocol. This activity is followed by the
development of the two guidelines, the guidelines for the preparation of the National
ICZM Strategies and the guidelines for the preparation of the coastal plans – both
among the major requirements of the ICZM Protocol. Both guidelines will be tested
through the pilot cases. The paper presents the background of the PAP/RAC’s project,
its activities, goals, methods used and progress achieved.
UNEP/MAP GEF
MedPartnership: Towards
Sustainable Development in the Mediterranean
Ivica Trumbic
UNEP/MAP, 11635 Athens, Greece
Tel: +30 210 7273
102 Fax: +30 210 7253 196
E-mail:
ivica.trumbic@unepmap.gr
Abstract
The protection of the marine and coastal environment of the
Mediterranean has become an even greater priority, with constructed areas now
covering 40% of the coastal zones and 19% of known Mediterranean species being
under threat. In the southern Mediterranean, available fresh water has
decreased, and climate change predictions indicate significant increases in
temperatures, coupled with increased incidents of drought. The Global Environment
Facility (GEF) supported UNEP/MAP and the Mediterranean countries to identify
the major transboundary environmental concerns in the Mediterranean Large
Marine Ecosystem (LME). The MedPartnership, the biggest ever regional
environmental project in the Mediterranean, combines the experience and
knowledge of twelve international and regional organizations, with the support
of GEF, the EC, participating countries and others to facilitate the
implementation of Strategic Action Plan priorities. This is done through a
Regional Project, led by UNEP/MAP and with a focus on legal, policy and
institutional reforms and the demonstration of good practices, and an
Investment Fund component, led by the World Bank. Thirteen GEF beneficiary
countries participate in the project, while more than 10 investment projects
have been earmarked for GEF support. More than 100 million US dollars have been
put together in direct financing and co-financing, while the overall investment
is expected to be in excess of 700 million US dollars. Its duration is 5 years
and will be completed by mid 2014.
The E-URAL Project:
New Opportunity for the EU
and Russia Cooperation in the Field of Environment
Lidia
Prokhoda-Shumskikh(1), Antonio Marcomini(2),
Andrea Critto(2,3) and Elisa Giubilato(2,4)
(1) Sochi State University, Sochi, Russia
Tel:
+7-8622-689-105 Fax: +7-8622-648-790
E-mail:
prohoda_net@list.ru
(2) University Ca’
Foscari Venice, Venice, Italy
Tel:
+39-041-2348584 Fax: +39-041-2348548
E-mail:
marcom@unive.it
(3) Tel: +39-041-5093020
Fax: +39-041-5093074
E-mail:
critto@unive.it
(4) Tel:
+39-041-5093184 Fax: +39-041-5093074
E-mail:
giubilato@unive.it
Abstract
E-URAL means European Union and Russia Link for S&T co-operation in
the area of the environment. The overall strategic objectives of the E-URAL
project concern: mapping of research expertise and needs in Russia in the field
of Environment; awareness raising and capacity building for multipliers and
researchers in Russia through training activities and staff exchanges;
promotion of co-operation opportunities between EU and Russia; liaison with
Russian and European stakeholders in areas of mutual concern.
With the aim of mapping the niches of excellence existing in Russia
(particularly in peripheral regions) for the thematic priorities of the FP7
Environment theme, a Questionnaire on EU-Russia partnership in the field of
Environment was developed and disseminated widely to hundreds of identified
Russian organizations, and allowed to create the on-line database on Russian
major research infrastructures, researchers and multipliers available on the
E-URAL website (http://www.e-ural.vsu.ru/en/). Database can be looked up by
European and Russian users (http://www.e-ural.vsu.ru/en/uforms/
appforms/search) by several search keys (e.g. research subject, geographical
location) and the complete information (contact information, information and
description of the scientist’s organisation, expertise offered, previous and
present experience in the international cooperation, etc.) of the Russian
profiles is obtained. In addition, the questionnaire was equally instrumental
for the identification of research needs as well as priorities and obstacles
for the EU-Russia cooperation.
To raise awareness and provide capacity building for multipliers and
researchers in Russia E-URAL tools also includes training activities. Two-days
national training session for Russian researchers, giving them all the
necessary information to participate to FP7, and in particular to the ENV
theme, were organized in different regions of Russia.
Moreover, a series of thematic workshops on coastal zone management,
nature and biodiversity, climate change impacts and environmental technologies
for solid waste and wastewater management gave opportunities to local Russian
researchers to meet with highly experienced EU researchers (usually
coordinators or qualified partners of EU FP6/FP7 projects) and to discuss
research themes and collaboration mechanisms, as well as to build up new
partnerships.
The main results concerning the perspectives and futures for European
Union and Russia co-operation in the area of the environment, obtained through
the questionnaire and the workshops, will be presented.
ICM Tools
and Instruments
Adaptive Management
of Coastal Areas: Using the
Open Standards Approach
Lisa Ernoul(1),
Stella Vareltzidou(2), Corrado Teofili(3), Xavier
Escuté Gasulla(4) and Ilke Tilders(5)
(1) Tour du Valat, F- 13200 Arles, France
Tel: +33-0-490972966
Fax: +33-0-490972019
E-mail:
ernoul@tourduvalat.org
(2) Axios Loudias
Aliakmonas Management Authority, Halastra
57300,Thessalonica,
Greece
Tel: +30 2310
794811 Fax: +30 2310 794368
E-mail:
s.vareltzidou@yahoo.gr
(3) WWF Italy,
Conservation Direction Via Po 25/c, 00198 Rome, Italy
E-mail:
corrado.teofili@gmail.com
(4) Obra Social De
Catalunyacaixa Provença, 08008 Barcelona, Spain
Tel: +93 484 70 08
Fax: +93 484 73 64
E-mail:
xavier.escute.fos@catalunyacaixa.com
(5) Foundations of
Success (Europe), 1217GR Hilversum, The Netherlands
Tel: + 31 6 218 409
22
E-mail: ilke@fosonline.org
Abstract
Adaptive management was first defined by Holling (1978) as “a
structured, iterative process of optimal decision making in the face of
uncertainty, with an aim at reducing uncertainty over time via system
monitoring. Adaptive management is a tool which should be used not only to
change a system, but also to learn about the system”. It recognizes the need
for management decisions to examine economic, social and environmental values
in an integrated way; taking into account the presence of many diverse
stakeholders in environmental management issues and the uncertainty inherent in
environmental processes. This paradigm has become fundamental to environmental management
over the last 4 decades. Many environmental organizations have incorporated
adaptive management schemes into their programs, but the dialogue between
projects and programs has been limited due to a lack of standard lexicon for biodiversity
conservation management. This has limited the possibility for practitioners to
learn from other experiences, causing a repetition of trials and errors. Open Standards
for the Practice of Conservation (OS) were developed as response to this problem,
with the collaboration of many environmental organizations working together to
create a common vocabulary in order to share experiences and adapt
methodologies. More and more organizations across Europe are starting to use
OS. In 2007, the first adaptive management training using the OS was organized
in Europe. Since then a network of areas and people practicing the OS emerged
and in January 2011 trained professionals from various European environmental
organizations officially launched the European Conservation Coaches Network
(CCNET Europe), with a special Mediterranean section. Many sites are now
practicing adaptive management using the OS, including the Axios Delta
(Greece), Muntanya d’Alinya (Catalunya, Spain), the Tour du Valat (Camargue,
France) and the Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI)
in Italy. Each project is at a different phase of implementation from
management plan development to implementation. We have seen that the OS are compatible
and complementary to Natura 2000 sites. The advantages that have been seen in
the sites include: such as promoting participatory processes, taking into
account the cause – effect relationships, designs strategies focusing on the
abatement of prioritized threats, and prioritizes strategies and actions. The
OS management plans are anchored in biological targets and these targets can allow
Natura 2000 sites to move beyond the limits of habitats or species, and include
ecological process and habitat fragmentation as well. Despite these positive
aspects, we have encountered several obstacles in our application of the OS
including the need for more qualified facilitators/coaches, the lack of
training materials and computer software in local languages and the important
time/human resource needs implicated during the process. These difficulties are
currently being addressed by the CCNET Europe through the training of coaches
and the establishment of a website to share experiences and learn from others
across Europe.
Extending Ecosystem
Accounting Methods for the
Mediterranean and Black Sea Basins
Megan Nowell (1,
2), Emil Ivanov (3), François Morisseau (1), Roy
Haines-Young (3) and Françoise Breton (1)
(1) Research Group
INTERFACE (SGR 1027), Department of Geography
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
Tel: (+34)93 581 3549
Email: francoise.breton@uab.cat
(2) Email: MeganSarah.Nowell@uab.cat
(3) CEM, University of Nottingham, United
Kingdom.
Tel: (+44) 0115 951 4076
Email: emildiv@gmail.com
Abstract
Ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling, hydrological processes,
healthy fisheries and soil formation are increasingly recognized as vital to
society and of significant economic and social value. The resilience of
ecosystem is threatened by the transformation of land cover and land use by
human activities. In order to document these changes, environmental accounting
is being used as a method by the EU FP7 project, PEGASO, to measure sustainable
development in the Mediterranean and Black Sea Basins. Ecosystem services
require valuation so that rational choices can be made regarding competing
forms of land use. To assist in this goal, ecosystem accounting is used to
reflect on the critical stock and flows of natural capital by describing the
quality and quantity of ecosystem services. The application of ecosystem
accounting has particular relevance to vulnerable coastal zones of Europe.
Europe’s coasts and coastal water quality is degrading. These coastal zones are
of significant economic, environmental, social and cultural importance. The key
biophysical problems include coastal erosion, habitat destruction, biodiversity
loss, contamination of soil and water resources, and reduced quantity and
quality of water. This paper includes case studies for the coast-sea interface,
illustrating the need for a harmonized and comparable ecosystem accounting
method for coastal landscapes and seascapes. The objective of this paper is to
present the proposed Sea Ecosystem Accounts (SEAC) method and explore the considerations
and inputs for this tool.
Coastal Management
Tools and Databases for the
Sevastopol Bay (Crimea)
S. Konovalov(1), V.
Vladymyrov(2), V. Dolotov(1,3),
A. Sergeeva(2), Yu. Goryachkin(1,4), Yu. Vnukov(1),
O. Moiseenko(1), S. Alyemov(2,5), N. Orekhova(1) and
L. Zharova(1)
(1) Marine
Hydrophysical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2, Kapitanskaya Street, Sevastopol 99011,
Ukraine
Tel: +38-050-5881952 Fax: +38 069 2554253
E-mail: sergey_konovalov@yahoo.com
(2) Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas,
National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine, 2, Nakhimova Avenue, Sevastopol
99011, Ukraine
Tel: +38-050-3251035 Fax: +38-069-2557813
E-mail: v.vladymyrov@ibss.org.ua
(3) E-mail: vdolotov@mail.ru
(4) E-mail: yngor@yandex.ru
(5) E-mail: numa_63@mail.ru
Abstract
The Bay of Sevastopol is one of rare natural inland harbours of the
coast of Crimea on the Black Sea that has being serving as a marine shelter and
residence for human civilizations for over 25 centuries. This bay has been
under very heavy anthropogenic and industrial pressure for several decades,
though it is an area that is vitally valuable for recreation and inhabitation.
The Bay of Sevastopol has become and remains a subject of intensive
oceanographic investigations and quarterly monitoring since 1997, though some
data goes back to as far as the 1970’s. We have been intensively studying
various issues of the Sevastopol Bay physics, biogeochemistry, biology, and
pollution. In 2010, the EC FP7 PEGASO project was launched to address. Integrated
Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) issues, to provide a regional assessment of
environmental conditions, to evaluate local conditions and introduce tools and mechanisms
(platform) for implementation of the ICZM Protocol. Current results of the long-term
monitoring and implementation of the PEGASO project are reported here.
A Socio-economic
Approach for Coastal Zone
Assessment
Eric Le Gentil(1),
Rémi Mongruel(1,2), Pascal Raux(1,3), Céline
Jacob(1,4), Régis Kalaydjian(1,5) and Jean-François Cadiou(6)
(1) Ifremer, Marine
Economics Department, UMR M101 AMURE, BP70
F-29280 Plouzané, France
Tel: +33 (2) 98 22 49 89 Fax: +33 (2) 98 22 47
76
E-mail: Eric.Le.Gentil@ifremer.fr
(2) E-mail: Remi.Mongruel@ifremer.fr
(3) E-mail: Pascal.Raux@ifremer.fr
(4) E-mail: Celine.Jacob@ifremer.fr
(5) E-mail: Regis.Kalaydjian@ifremer.fr
(6) Ifremer, 83507 La-Seyne-sur-Mer, France
Tel: +33 (4) 94 30 49 75 Fax: +33 (4) 94 30 44
17
E-mail: Jean.Francois.Cadiou@ifremer.fr
Abstract
The PEGASO project (People for Ecosystem based Governance in Assessing Sustainable
development of Ocean and coast) develops an ICZM governance platform which aims
at producing integrated assessments in support of policy making decision for
the sustainable development of the Mediterranean coastal zone. This paper
presents the socio-economic approach developed for the assessment of the
“Bouches du Rhône” (France) where conflicting uses and coastal waters
pollutions are common management issues. In order to support decision-making,
the socio-economic assessment intend to i) identify indicators at appropriate
scales, ii) produce a clear overview of socio-economic pressures and associated
environmental degradation, iii) analyse the existing links between ecosystem
services production and human well-being and iv) underline the cost of
management responses. This paper outlines detailed methodological approach developed
for this task and the first results obtained in a case study dealing with the analysis
of seaside tourism, nautical activities and coastal water quality.
Imagine: The
Systemic and Prospective Sustainability
Analysis
Julien Le Tellier, Jean-Pierre Giraud and
Antoine Lafitte
Plan Bleu / UNEP /
MAP. 15 rue Ludwig Van Beethoven. 06560 Valbonne,
France. Web site: www.planbleu.org
Abstract
As one of the Regional Activity Centres of the Mediterranean Action Plan
(UNEP/MAP), Plan Bleu works on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) since the
1990’s, particularly through the Coastal Area Management Projects (CAMPs). Plan
Bleu has taken part in CAMPs as a leader of participatory approach, and
especially by involving local stakeholders within the implementation of the Imagine method.
With environmental concerns coming increasingly to the fore, social and political
calls are being made in favour of public involvement in the design and implementation
of long term territorial strategies. Against this backdrop Plan Bleu has developed,
tested and consolidated Imagine, a
systemic and prospective method of territorial analysis which provides tools to
describe, assess and examine the level of sustainability of an eco-socio system
in the past, present and future by means of indicators and based on a
participatory approach considering local stakeholders as experts within their
own area. This method has proven its strengths in producing shared insight into
a given coastal area (diagnosis, scenarios) and fostering stakeholder participation,
thus leading to the identification of desirable futures and the drafting of collegially
defined and approved action plans.
In the context of the Pegaso project – that aims at building a “Shared
ICZM Governance Platform” for bridging the gap between scientists and end-user communities,
to support the Mediterranean ICZM Protocol, and to help Black Sea countries to develop a similar instrument – Imagine is being simplified and
adapted to Pegaso’s context and needs; Indicators, Scenarios and Participation
are subject to special consideration in this project.
Spatial Data
Infrastructures as a Critical Tool for
ICZM in the Mediterranean Basin
Gonzalo C.
Malvárez(1), Emilia G. Pintado(2), Fátima Navas(3)
and Ann-Katrien Lescrauwaet (4)
(1) University
Pablo de Olavide of Seville
Ctra. de Utrera Km.1, 41013. Seville (Spain)
Tel: +34954349518
E-mail: gcmalgar@upo.es
(2) E-mail: esguipin@upo.es
(3) E-mail: fnavcon@upo.es
(4) Flanders Marine Institute, VLIZ
InnovOcean site Wandelaarkaai 7 B-8400
Oostende (Belgium)
Tel: +32 (0)59/34 21 30
E-mail: annkatrien.lescrauwaet@vliz.be
Abstract
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a complex process that
involves various methodologies and stages to achieve results based on sharing
knowledge and expertise between scientists, authorities and stakeholders.
Recently, European Directives and Recommendations have supported the necessity
and adequacy of taking a multidisciplinary approach to achieve
"integration". In particular the role of the data (spatial data and
databases) in the process of coastal zone management has emerged as one of the
most important issues for the establishment and enforcement of integrated approaches
to institutional and policy response. The importance of the INfrastructure for SPatial
InfoRmation in Europe (INSPIRE) Directive, which provides an adequate framework
for responding to and utilizing the potential exchange of environmental datasets
that is collected and created by public agencies throughout the European Union,
together with many environmental Directives, facilitates the assembly of large
marine datasets collected by public institutions and enhances the re-use of
data. This policy framework has underlined the necessity for incorporating new
approaches in spatial data analysis, integrated and shared through common
Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) for ICZM; The "Protocol on ICZM in the
Mediterranean" (UNEP, 2008), needs of common approaches drawn through a
set of indicators to measure the applicability of the Protocol and management
processes. According to this purpose, the Pegaso project is creating an SDI for
the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, including the most important efforts
made by the public institutions and agencies in creating spatial datasets. This
provides the framework to create and develop indicators and other tools to
achieve ICZM for these two basins. The main objective is to construct a set of geonodes
in each partner institution which facilitate partners to display and share
their data and experience in ICZM to the rest of the community through the
Pegaso SDI, and therefore enhance spatial data availability in the decision
making process for coastal management and implementation. The diversity of
needs in coastal and marine spatial data to implement ICZM strategies due both
to the variety of coastal issues and the diversity of coastal regions, the
harmonisation of datasets and the necessity for training within the Pegaso
Consortium to assure a well developed SDI are some of the challenges faced on
this work. Results thus far indicates that: (i) the capacity for data production
and management is varied, (ii) geonode implementation will improve capacity of
institutions to respond to ICZM challenges and (iii) a new paradigm in interoperability
for spatial data will transform coastal governance through SDI’s interactive
viewer as stakeholders and policy makers and managers interact on new further
informed capacities.
A Marine
Information System for Environmental
Monitoring
Michele Cocco(1), Sara Colantonio(2), Mario D’Acunto(2,3),
Massimo Martinelli(2,4), Davide Moroni(2,5), Gabriele Pieri(2,6),
Ovidio Salvetti(2,7) and Marco Tampucci(2,8)
(1) National Park
of the Tuscan Archipelago, Loc. Enfola, 57037 Portoferraio,
Italy
Tel: +39-0565919411
Fax: +39-0565919428
E-mail:
cocco@islepark.it
(2) Institute of
Information Science and Technologies, ISTI-CNR, Via Moruzzi,
1 – 56124 Pisa,
Italy
Tel: +39-0503153120
Fax: +39-0503153128
E-mail:
sara.colantoni@isti.cnr.it
(3) E-mail:
mario.dacunto@isti.cnr.it
(4) E-mail:
massimo.martinelli@isti.cnr.it
(5) E-mail:
davide.moroni@isti.cnr.it
(6) E-mail:
gabriel.pieri@isti.cnr.it
(7) E-mail:
ovidio.salvetti@isti.cnr.it
(8) E-mail: marco.tampucci@isti.cnr.it
Abstract
The ability to remotely detect and monitor oil spills at sea is becoming
increasingly important due to the high demand of oil based products. As a
consequence, shipping routes are becoming very crowded and the likelihood of
oil slicks occurring is also increasing. In this frame, a fully integrated
remote sensing system can act as a valuable monitoring tool. We propose an
integrated and interoperable system able to monitor ship traffic and marine
operators, using sensing capabilities from a variety of electronic sensors,
along with geo-positioning tools, and through a communication infrastructure.
Our model is capable of transferring data, freely and seamlessly, between different
elements of the information systems (and their users). In this way different data
are brought together, easily and in a consistent and usable form, in order to facilitate
dynamic links between different models and analytical processes.
Using the Digital Terrain Model in the Integrated Spatial
Planning Systems for Danube Delta Coastal Area
Iulian Nichersu
(1), Iuliana Nichersu (1, 2), Marian Mierla (1, 3),
Eugenia Marin (1, 4) and Cristian Trifanov (1, 5)
(1) Danube Delta
National Institute for Research and Development,
Department of
Research, Babadag Street, 165 - 820112 Tulcea, Romania
Tel:
+0040-240-524546 Fax: +0040-240-533547
E-mail:
iuli@indd.tim.ro
(2) E-mail:
iulianan@ indd.tim.ro
(3) E-mail: jenica@
indd.tim.ro
(4) E-mail: kriss@ indd.tim.ro
(5) E-mail: mmierla@indd.tim.ro
Abstract
The high-resolution maps (digital terrain model - DTM, digital elevation
model - DEM, elevation classes - EC orthophotomaps - OFP) are the basis for
support of actions from the Management Plan of Danube Delta, because it’s able
to represent very accurate the land surface, which is very useful for spatial
planning, management and conservation of ecosystems, management of risk
situations, land applications and orthophotomaps precision.
Until recently, the cartographic support used in Danube Delta was the
one made in 1965, with a reduced precision and not accurate now because of the
geomorphologic changes.
The DTM can be made using the most advanced method, remote sensing
(LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging,) which leads to a high precision both on X,
Y (1 m) and the Z (0.2 m). The advantages of digital mapping support so
provided are:
·
Faster and cheaper preparation of maps;
·
Designing maps for users in different areas of
interest;
·
The
possibility to obtain maps in crisis;
·
Facilitate data analysis aimed at interaction
between statistics and mapping;
·
Increase efficiency by using digital maps
versus printed maps;
·
The
possibility of achieving three-dimensional and stereoscopic representations;
·
Automation the entire process of mapping.
General support of high resolution digital map consists of four
components: digital terrain model (DTM), digital elevation model (DEM)
elevation classes (EC), orthophotomaps (OFP). These components are the basic
support for carrying out most of the actions set out in Management Plans.
Results in the form of digital maps will be transferred to the system of Danube
Delta Biosphere Reserve Administration.
The Digital Terrain Model for Danube Delta Coastal Area can be
considered as a pilot to achieve high-resolution cartographic support for other
Natura 2000 network sites.
The Primary Goals
of DSS in
Coastal Zone Management
Yuriy I. Dreyzis
(1), Irina V. Grigoriyn(1,2)
and Vladimir V. Kovalenko(1,3)
(1) Sochi State
University, Sochi, Russia
Tel:
+7-8622-68-91-05
E-mail:
Yurid2006@yandex.ru
(2) E-mail:
grira@rambler.ru
(3) E-mail: vlvas@mail.ru
Abstract
For the decision problems of management in the coastal area of the sea
offers model decision support system (DSS). Work of system will be based on
constant updating, accumulation and analyzed knowledge of a situation in region
which are necessary for forecasting steady development of region, minimization
of negative influences on a nature and supports of acceptance of administrative
decisions.
It is offered to use multivariate OLAP-cubes for storage in system of
the data on natural resources of region, ecological indicators of natural
processes, results of the analysis and forecasting of an ecological situation.
Determination of
the Shore Edge Line at Kundu
(Antalya, Turkey)
Candan
Gökçeoğlu(1), Hakan A. Nefeslioğlu(2), Aykut
Akgün(3), Dilek Türer(1,4) and Mert Temimhan(5)
(1) Hacettepe
University, Department of Geological Engineering
Ankara/TURKEY
Tel: +90-312-
297-7735 Fax: +90-312-299-2034
E-mail:
cgokce@hacettepe.edu.tr
(2) General
Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Remote Sensing
and GIS Unit,
Ankara/TURKEY
Tel:
+90-312-287-3430 Fax: +90-312-286-2038
E-mail:
hanefeslioglu@mta.gov.tr
(3) Karadeniz
Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering
Tel: +90-462-
377-3508 Fax: +90-462- 325-7405
E-mail:
aykut.akgun@ktu.edu.tr
(4) E-mail:
dturer@hacettepe.edu.tr
(5) Lara, Tourism
Investors Association, Antalya/TURKEY
Tel: +90-
242-352-0585 Fax: +90-242-352-0587
E-mail: merttemimhan@gmail.com
Abstract
Determination of shore edge line is a very important part of coastal
planning in order to provide sustainable development in coastal areas. City of
Antalya (Turkey), being world-wide famous touristic location, has been
undergoing intense infrastructure development in order to accommodate the
demand. In order to provide guidance to such developments, in this study, shore
edge line of Lara-Kundu (Antalya) region has been determined depending on
geological, geomorphological and other natural conditions in accordance with
the definitions given in Turkish Coastal Law (3621) No. 4. In the field, high
tide-low tide water levels and shore edge line with corresponding coordinates
have been determined using differential GPS with application of “real-time measurement”
technique. The extent of natural vegetation, degree of compaction of sediments
and topographic rises has been used as criteria for determination of shore edge
line. In order to observe natural state of the coastal area before the
constructions, to complete geomorphological map and to confirm the shore edge
line determined in the field, high resolution Quickbird satellite images of
2002 and 2009 were used. Also, the extent of natural vegetation before the
construction works was determined using normalized difference vegetation index
(NDVI) approach. The result of the study shows that the shore edge line in the
study area ranges between 25 m and 205 m starting from low tide water level.
Coastal Counservation
Integrated
Management Principles for Coastal
Cultural Landscape Areas of Turkey
Nida Naycı(¹) and Neriman Şahin Güçhan(²)
(1)Mersin
University, Faculty of Architecture, Çiftlikköy Campus, Mezitli,
Mersin, Turkey.
Tel: + 90-324-361 0001,
E-mail: nidanayci@mersin.edu.tr,
(2)METU, Faculty of
Architecture, 122 Inonu Bulvarı, 06531, Ankara, Turkey.
Tel: +90-312-210 22 03,
E-mail: neriman@metu.edu.tr
Abstract
Cultural landscape contexts generated by natural, historical and rural environments
are significant aspects of Mediterranean coastal areas, which possess accumulated
information related to past experiences and meanings showing relationship of
man-kind with coastal environments. Introduction of ‘cultural landscape conservation’
as a new topic into international mediums has become important especially after
1980s as a result of the increase in the awareness of “sustainability” and “sustainable
development”. Cultural landscape areas are significant potentials in utilization
of traditional lifestyles and local information showing sustainable use and living
in harmony with nature to achieve ICZM principles and required appropriate governance
models. Thus, traditional cultural landscapes are supported as the source for ‘sustainable
land use’ to achieve balance between nature and human; as well as maintaining
biodiversity. Being a significant Mediterranean country with its rich and diverse
coastal heritage values, Turkey deserves special attention regarding coastal cultural
landscape areas. Problems aroused from lack of appropriate ICZM policies, fragmentation
of existing legislative tools and lack of designation status related to cultural/rural
landscape areas causing severe threats on these has been the basis for discussions
of this paper. For this purpose this paper aims to focus on achieving appropriate
integrated management policies for coastal cultural landscape values of Turkey
within the goals and strategies of ICZM principles.
First section of the paper includes review on generation of important
key concepts and milestones regarding cultural landscape management with
specific emphasis on coastal areas and ICZM policies that are put forth by
intergovernmental organizations. Second part continues with a brief overview
and portrayal of the present situation in Turkey within existing legislative
and administrative context. Third section continues with a detailed analysis on
Mediterranean Region related to identification of coastal cultural landscape
values and portrayal of current planning and management problems in these
areas. For this purpose, two case-study areas selected from Mediterranean
region in order to show regional similarities and differences are analyzed in
detail: Erdemli-Silifke Coastal region in Mersin also called as the ancient Olba Territorium during historic ages
and Datça-Bozburun Peninsula in Muğla, which is designated as a Specially
Protected Area (SPA).
Methodology of case-study researches based on multi-site analysis
including survey and documentation of their archaeological and cultural
characteristics in relation with natural context they are located within.
Examples discussed in this paper base on the data gathered by site visits and
cataloguing of related information throughout previous researches conducted by
the author1; which includes survey of 14 archaeological settlements located
within traditional rural settlements in Erdemli-Silifke Coastal Region in
Mersin; and survey of 21 traditional villages from Datça-Bozburun SPA. Based on
the experiences derived from case-study areas, last section of the paper concludes
with proposals related to principles to achieve integrated principles for cultural
landscape management.
Setting up the
Medposidonia Programme in the
Mediterranean Region
Gérard Pergent(1),
Yelda Aktan(2), Said Belbacha(3), Aslam
Djellouli(4), Renaud Dupuy de la Grandrive(5), El Maki Ayad
Elagil(6), Souha El Asmi(7), Ali Cemal Gucu(8), Habib
Langar(9), Saida Laouar(10), Christine Pergent-Martini(1,7),
Chedly Rais(11), Rachid Semroud(12) and Mohamed Sherif(6)
(1) UMR CNRS SPE
6134, Corsica University, Faculty of Science of Corte,
20250 Corte, France
Phone: 0033 4 95 45
01 46
E-mail:
pergent@univ-corse.fr
(2) Istanbul
University, Fisheries Faculty, 34470 Laleli, Istanbul, Turkey
(3) Jijel
University, Faculty of Science, Ouled Aissa, 18000 Jijel, Algeria
(4) Tunis-El Manar
University, Faculty of Science of Tunis, 2092 El Manar,
Tunis, Tunisia
(5) ADENA, Domaine
du Grand Clavelet, 34300 Agde, France
(6) Environment
General Authority, Janzoor, Al-Ghiran – Tripoli, Libya
(7) Regional
Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
(8) Middle East
Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences, 33731
Mersin, Turkey
(9) National
Institute of Marine Science and Technology, 2025 Tunis, Tunisia
(10) Ministry of
Land Planning, Environment and Tourism, 16100 Algiers,
Algeria
(11) OKIANOS, 8110
Tabarka, Tunisia
(12) National
Higher School for Marine Sciences and Coastal Management,
Dely Ibrahim, 16320
Algiers, Algeria
Abstract
The MedPosidonia programme, an initiative of the Regional Activity
Centre for Specially Protected Areas (UNEP/MAP) supported by the Total
corporate Foundation, aims at collecting information on the geographic
distribution and evolution of Posidonia meadows (Posidonia oceanica) in
four Mediterranean countries with a view to using these information to
elaborate and/or adjust their conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity
programmes.
Within the framework of this programme, activities were performed at two
locations in Algeria (Kouali Cove and El Kala coasts), three in Tunisia (Sidi
Ali El Mekki coasts, Sousse/Monastir Bay and Kerkennah Island), two in Libya
(Tripoli area and Ain Al-Ghazala coasts) and two in Turkey (Gökçeada Island and
Mersin area).
Several actions were carried out: (i) enhancement of national capacities
by the means of training sessions, (ii) carrying out of general cartography
works using side scan sonar (lower limit) and remote sensing, through satellite
images, (upper limit) techniques, (iii) setting up of monitoring systems along
the lower limit following a standardized protocol, (iv) general assessment of
seagrass meadow location and vitality, and (v) assessment of the ecological
status of the water body using Posidonia oceanica as a bio-indicator. All the data collected were included in a
Geographic Information System that will be regularly updated.
Cartography of Main
Coastal Ecosystems
in a NATURA 2000 Site
Marina
Bonacorsi(1), Nils Bréand(2), Philippe Clabaut(2,3),
Boris Daniel(4), Michel Marengo(2,5), Gérard Pergent(1,2,6),
Christine Pergent-Martini(1,2,7) and Marc Verlaque(8)
(1) UMR CNRS SPE
6134, Corsica University, Faculty of Science of Corte, BP
52, 20250 Corte
(France)
Tel : 00 33 495 450
055 Fax : 00 33 488 100 593
Email: bonacorsi@univ-corse.fr
(2) GIS Posidonie –
Corsica Center, Faculty of Science of Corte, , BP 52, 20250
Corte (France)
Tel : 00 33 495 450
146 Fax : 00 33 488 100 593
Email :
nils.breand@gmail.com
(3) Email :
philippe.clabaut@wanadoo.fr
(4) Agence des
Aires Marines Protégées - Antenne Méditerranée, France
Tel : 00 33 434 466
658
Email :
boris.daniel@aires-marines.fr
(5) Email :
michel.marengo@laposte.net
(6) Email:
pergent@univ-corse.fr
(7) Email:
pmartini@univ-corse.fr
(8) University of
the Mediterranean, Center of Oceanology at Marseille, 163
Avenue de Luminy,
13288 Marseille cedex 09
Tel : 00 33 491 829
106 Fax : 00 33 491 411 265
Email : marc.verlaque@univmed.fr
Abstract
Seagrass meadows and coralligenous assemblages appear as major habitats
of the Mediterranean littoral. As part of the characterization of Natura 2000
site along the Cap Corse coast (western Mediterranean basin), a mapping of
assemblages and bottomtypes present from the surface to a depth of 100 m is
carried out.
Mapping survey is carried out by using aerial photographs for the
shallow waters (from 0 to −15 m), and a multibeam echosonder (bathymetry)
and side scan sonar (bottom types), for the deeper waters. The use of a ROV
(Remote Operating Vehicle), observations by scuba-diving and takings by means
of a Van-Veen grab allow to validate data acquired.
Over 540 km2 have been mapped during the summer 2010. Assemblages and bottom
types, highlight by combining investigation methods, are mainly Posidonia oceanica meadow on matte or
on rocky bottom (up to a depth of 40 m), sandy bottom (fine to coarse sand with
locally sandy bedforms and a biogenic part more or less important), rhodolith
beds and/or maërl assemblages, constitute by died or living freeliving calcareous
algae (up to a depth of 100 m), and rocky bottom on which more or less
developed coralligenous habitats are identified.
The available results show the importance of areas occupied by these
major habitats and, in particular, by rhodoliths beds, and demonstrate the Cap
Corse’s interest, in terms of Mediterranean biodiversity conservation.
Cetacean-Human Interactions in the
Northern Black Sea
Evgeny B. Gol’din
Southern Branch of
the National University of Biological Resources and
Environmental
Management of Ukraine – Crimean Agricultural and
Technological
University, 95492 Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
Tel: +380 652
221389
E-mail: evgeny_goldin@mail.ru
Abstract
Takes of cetaceans in the northern Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in
fisheries, mainly for human consumption and animal food production, and
numerous incidental by-catches, were routine until 1966. In 1966-1991,
by-caught cetaceans were legally used for domestic animal consumption. In early
1990s, human consumption of cetacean meat and market trade was observed. After
1994, the conservation status of all cetacean species was improved in Ukraine
by the Red Data Book, and food consumption of bycaught animals was prohibited.
However, the facts of economical use of by-caught and stranded cetaceans by
coastal residents and tourists are still reported; nevertheless, this problem
have not been studied in the region. As a rule, the particular facts remain unknown
to scientists or authorities. Thereby, student audience was applied for anonymous
reports on consumption of cetaceans including not only personal experience of
the respondents, but also the evidences of their parents, neighbours and
friends. This approach was found to be very effective and brought very
interesting results. Here the results of questionnaire survey in 2002-2011
(about 3000 students and local people), anonymous reports by coastal residents,
and materials of field excursions, from the coastline from Odessa to Sochi for
the period from 1976 to 2010 were analyzed. The questionnaire contained
confidential questions about economical use of animal carcasses by coastal
residents (human consumption, domestic animal feeding, cases of incidental and
direct catches, etc.), and about attitude of respondents to the Red Data Book,
problems of cetacean conservation and their sources of information in this sphere.
The most of respondents know about the Red Data Book (mainly from educational
courses and TV), and support cetacean conservation. In total, about 200 cases
of food consumption and technical use of by-caught and stranded animals were reported.
Geographical area of economical using occupies mainly the regions of traditional
coastal fisheries, non-urban and underdeveloped territories of the Crimea. The
most cases, in which the species was identified, concern harbour porpoise and bottlenose
dolphin. Several ways of economic use are reported: human consumption by local
residents (mainly fishermen, marginal and underclass population, teenagers and tourists)
in all coastal regions; in addition, eleven cases of café/restaurant service in
cities were reported; animal feeding in poultry and hog households, as well as
furbearing animals, dog and cat feeding is routine; porpoise blubber use for
medicine and cooking as a local tradition (mainly Sea of Azov and Kerch
Strait). Findings of disarticulated animals were recorded in all coastal
regions. At least, five cases of direct take/killing were reported marking a
dangerous tendency in human-cetacean interactions. Economical use of by-caught
and stranded cetaceans occurs sporadically in the northern Black Sea coastal
zone despite legislative and conservation measures.
Socially Sustainable MPAs and Marine
Impact Trade
Kostas Koutsis(1),
Panos Christofilogiannis(2) and Dimitris
Markatos (3)
(1) Fisheries
Laboratory, Hellenic Ministry for Development, Competitiveness
& Shipping; 15
Karaoli & Demetriou St., Piraeus, GR 185 31, Greece
Tel.: +
(30)2104110202 Fax: + (30)2104120178
E-mail:
koutsisk@gmail.com
(2) 143 Papagou
Avenue, Zografou – Athens GR 157 73, Greece
Tel: +
(30)2107470147
E-mail: info@aquark.gr
(3) 9 Valaoritou
St., Athens, GR106 71, Greece
Tel: +
(30)2103611611 Fax: + (30)2103607031
E-mail: athenslaw@athenslaw.gr
Abstract
The Mediterranean basin faces an increasingly acute problem of marine environment
degradation due to extreme human intervention and overexploitation. Marine
Protected Areas (MPAs), the main measure currently in place, are criticised for
displaying limited success due to inherent disadvantages (their large size
makes MPAs hard to finance, manage and police; while the restrictions and loss
of income they impose, cause local communities to be hostile to their
presence). A new institutional tool is required that will ensure sustainable
marine conservation without burdening State budgets, and create alternative
income sources and development opportunities for locals. Measures that would
meet these requirements should be applicable by the State and in line with the
polluter pays principle, but still present advantages to those called upon to
bear their cost.
We propose a form of Marine Impact Trade (MIT), which would allow a
State to offset marine environmental impact, caused by any sector of the
economy, with marine protection activities, advantageous to those who have to
implement them, while also benefiting local communities to an even greater
extent; thus rendering such measures affordable to the payers and welcomed by
the locals. We propose a pilot MIT application using the novel concept of
Diving Parks (small self-financed and sustainable marine notake areas, dedicated
to recreational diving, already proven to rapidly restore and sustainably
protect the marine environment). These Diving Parks, initially financed by polluters
and run by them hand-in-hand with local entrepreneurs and communities, shall provide
immediate and effective marine environmental rejuvenation and sustainable conservation.
Additionally, this offers an opportunity: (a) for polluters/payers to display social
responsibility and even make a profit (instead of a loss), and (b) for local societies
to reap the benefits of an impressive development in tourism and related activities,
cultivating local environmental consciousness and pride. A centrally monitored
network of such scattered self-sustained Diving Parks, for which we have coined
the term Socially Sustainable MPAs (SoS MPAs), can extend to establish and provide
effective ongoing biodiversity protection to a large number of marine
locations.
Tourism
Effects of Tourism
Planning and Investments Process
on Sustainability of Coastal Regions in Turkey
Nihal Şenlier(1) and Güliz Salihoğlu(1)
(1)Gebze Institute of Technology; Faculty of
Architecture, Department of
City and Regional Planning, Istanbul-Turkey
Tel: +90 532 291 60
40; Fax: +90 262 653 84 95
E-mail: nsenlier@tnn.net
Abstract
Similar to environmental issues, most of the problems caused by industrialization
of tourism emerge as these areas are not developed within a comprehensive plan.
As tourism is a sector which has long term environmental effects, especially in
developed countries, tourism planning is considered to be very important.
In Turkey the concept of tourism planning, with main principles,
objectives and methods, took place for the first time in the First 5-Year
Development Plan (1963-1967) as an economic sector. In this context, “The South
Antalya Tourism Development Project (SATDP)”, which was approved in 1977, is
marked as the first and most important tourism development project, planned in
the regional framework. While a planned development on a regional scale such as
SATDP was trying to be realized on the one hand, in many coastal areas and
settlements on the other hand with the political and economical pressures,
agglomerations of unplanned touristic facilities appeared. This situation,
which brings a pressure on environmental, cultural and social structure, in
fact adversely affects the development of tourism in its own process. In this
sense, in the present study, the planning and facility investment processes in
Turkey are addressed within the scope of tourism sector, and the impacts of
comprehensive planning on sector-specific sustainability and hence the
sustainability of resources are intended to be highlighted.
Importance of the Istanbul Port in Terms
of Cruise Tourism
Özlem Sertkaya Doğan
Istanbul University,
Istanbul, Turkey
Tel: +90-212-455 57
00
E-mail: srtkydgn@istanbul.edu.tr
Abstract
Cruise tourism is a significant tourism sector which has multilateral socioeconomic
contributions. Activities which yield economic income both on board and at
ports are highly important in cruise tourism which has emerged as an
alternative tourism type. The supply-demand equilibrium which is created by
this phenomenon creates new employment opportunities.
Istanbul Port as our research subject consists of Salıpazarı and Galata
quays. World’s largest cruises (with an average of 3000-3500 passengers) have
been docking at the Port since 1986, when the number of global cruises rapidly
increased.
Going through the research, not only positive external attractions but
also negative effects especially caused by environmental factors were taken
into consideration. After a general description, the place of cruising in
tourism sector, its development and basic aspects of route planning were
discussed in terms of supplydemand equilibrium. Moreover, global market was
handled in terms of lines and within this context the importance of Istanbul
Port among these lines was discussed. The research proposes some suggestions
for the present situation of cruise tourism in Istanbul and about how to make
better use of this particular tourism type.
Multi Criteria Decision Making for
Ecotourism
Sara Demir (1), Hayriye Esbah (1, 2) and
Aliye Ahu Akgun (3)
(1) Istanbul
Technical University, Dept. of Landscape Architecture, 34437
Taşkışla, Taksim, İstanbul
Tel: +90-212-293 13
00/ 23 69 Fax: +90-212-251 48 95
E-mail:sarademir@gmail.com
(2) E-mail:
esbah@itu.edu.tr
(3) Istanbul
Technical University, Dept. of Urban and Regional Planing,
34437 Taşkışla,
Taksim, İstanbul
Tel: +90 212 293
1300/2273 Fax: +90-212-251 48 95
E-mail:gulumser@itu.edu.tr
Abstract
İğneada is a coastal town on the very north east coast of Black Sea
Region in Turkey. The area is reputable with its mangrove forests, wetlands,
coastal line, endemic and endangered species, hence part of it was declared as
a national park. However, recently, there are number of unsuitable economic
activities proposed for the area such as a large port for conveniently
exporting industrial goods to Europe, and a nuclear plant. The basic premise of
this study is that ecotourism could be a more sustainable activity for İğneada.
Ecotourism is a well-known strategy for balancing development and preservation
in ecologically rich areas that is also highly attractive for tourism. This study
aims to define ecotourism criteria for İğneada, and proposes an ecotourism strategy
for this ecologically sensitive coastal environment. To reach our aim, one of
the well-known multi-criteria decision making methods, Analytical Hierarchy
Process (AHP), is employed on the basis of the data derived from the surveys
and interviews with locals and experts. In addition, observations during the
site surveys are presented with regards to the threats of İğneada‟s
ecologically sensitive coastal habitats. This study offers a framework to
generate a priority ranking for ecotourism development in İğneada. The methods
and the findings can set an example for sustainable development of other
coastal zones in Turkey and other countries.
Adaptive Reuse of
Mountain Settlements as Ecolodges
in South Sinai Protected Areas, Egypt
Sherine Khalil
Egyptian
Environmental Affairs Agency
Nature Conservation Sector
Tel: 00202 27363237, 002 012 2367423 Fax:
00202 2736253, 0175421329
Email: Sherrykhalil@yahoo.com
Abstract
Sinai is regarded as one of the most important tourist regions in Egypt,
being gifted with natural potentials and opportunities. It enjoys local and
international communications network through airports, harbours and paved
roads. South Sinai enjoys a wonderful and incomparable climate the year round
that attracts various types of tourists. It is also rich in historic, religious
and cultural heritage tourism, in addition to recreational, nature based
tourism and ecotourism.
In South Sinai there are 5 protected areas that enrich the ecotourism
potential and invite a range of activities: mountaineering, aqua sports,
diving, swimming, snorkelling, sailing, trekking, bird watching, etc. Hence
Sinai is most suited for ecotourism by virtue of its pristine areas of natural
beauty and international significance. The region embraces varied natural
features (terrestrial and aquatic) as well as interesting flora, fauna and
avifauna.
The paper studies the possibility of re-using the Vernacular
Architecture of South Sinai Bedouin Mountain Settlements as Ecotourism
Facilities. It reviews the experience of developing an ecolodge through the
adaptive reuse of an abandoned Bedouin mountain settlement in St. Katherine
Protected Area, South Sinai and restoring it and renovating it and turning it into
a Bedouin owned and managed ecolodge through the guidance, advice consultation
and assistance of the Ministry of Environment, the Egyptian Environmental
Affairs Agency Nature Conservation Sector.
The paper examines the site’s existing conditions: the architecture, infrastructure,
surrounding environment, local community and legal an administrative constraints;
and offers recommendations for the transformation of the abandoned Bedouin
mountain settlement into an ecotourism facility. It is divided into five parts:
(i) introduction: (ii) assessment of the existing conditions, (iii) proposal
for development of the mountain settlement into an Ecolodge, (iv) Environment
and Sustainability considerations and (v) Conclusion.
Hence the paper proves the possibility of promoting ecotourism through
the adaptive reuse of the vernacular architecture of abandoned settlements and
their restoration and renovation into ecolodges in the area; as well as
promoting sustainable development; economic sustainability, environmental
sustainability and local community involvement, development and empowerment,
hence fulfilling the 3 pillars of Sustainable Development.
Urban and
Rural Development
Perceiving Istanbul from the Bosphorus
Bridge
Fatma Ayçım Türer Başkaya
Istanbul Technical
University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of
Landscape
Architecture, Taşkışla Campus, 34437, Istanbul, Turkey
Tel: 0090 212 293
13 00-ext. 2801 Fax: 0090 212 251 48 95
E-mail: turerfat@itu.edu.tr
Abstract
Throughout the history, Istanbul has always been a significant coastal
city grasping an outstanding urban silhouette. Dividing the historical city
into two pieces and constituting the border between two continents, Bosphorus
Strait plays an important role in the generation of this silhouette. Natural,
cultural and spatial diversity of the megacity enables Bosphorus Strait to
capture prominent vantage points to Istanbul.
By focusing on the visible areas from the Bosphorus Bridge, this study scrutinizes
the spatial and visual alterations in the historic coastal areas of Istanbul in
order to gain an understanding of these landscapes. Regarding the interaction
between
coastal silhouette and urban identity in Istanbul, this study utilizes
GIS technology to identify the visual boundary perceived from the Bosphorus
Bridge and examine the interplay between the major components of the pertinent
silhouette. Further information on the progress of cityscape’s transformation
is compiled from the existing scholarly and government literatures, historical
photographs and field studies.
These analyses indicate that the visual boundary perceived from the
Bosphorus Bridge expands beyond the legally defined and protected Bosphorus
area, thus capturing even UNESCO World Heritage site of Istanbul and the
skyscraper clusters of the last decades. There is a qualitative and
quantitative decline in the proportion of historical artefacts and green spaces
within the silhouette. Rapid process of urban transformation brings about
spatial and perceptional alterations within the silhouette. However coastal
silhouette and urban identity of Istanbul have been tightly knitted together
throughout the centuries. Hence, perception of the historical, natural and
multicultural identity of the coastal area diminishes due to the contradictions
between old and new features existing inside the visual boundary.
Today, cities from all over the world give priority to do silhouette and
cityscape studies. New global and local features’ occurrence in an urban
structure may be inevitable but how and where they are going to be established
is up to creative planning and design. Focusing on a vantage point like the
Bosphorus Bridge, this study investigates the spatial changes within the
coastal silhouette and highlights the importance of revealing strategies for
the cityscape of Istanbul.
Socioeconomic Changes in the Adatepe
Village, NW Turkey
Mesut Doğan
Istanbul
University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Geography, Istanbul, Turkey
esutan@istanbul.edu.tr
Abstract
As known, geographical characteristics of an area are decisive
substantially for both development and survival of settlements. Natural or
anthropogenically-triggered disasters often give rise not only to economic
damage and mortality but also removal of allocation units. In Turkey, the
displacement of rural settlements is frequently associated with mass movements
that occur where geological, geomorphologic and climatologic factors as well as
human interference make settlement areas prone to slides or slumps. In recent
years, such events have caused significant economic damages and even loss of
lives in various regions of the country. The anthropogenic involvements such as
road construction, mining operations and pipeline engineering activities and so
on constitute the main provocative factors.
In the Biga Peninsula, villages are mostly found on weathering-prone
volcanic areas. The highly-weathered agglomerates and clay-bearing Miocene
marine deposits have a potential of failure in interior and coastal parts of
the peninsula, respectively. An example to relocated villages is the Adatepe
Village, which is presently found 500 m south of the southwest coast of the
Marmara Sea and situated at 5 km north of the former village. The population of
the village was 937 when the ground collapses took place in 1960 and slightly
increased to 1148 in 2010 in the new settlement area. Today, the village
continues to expand on eastern part of a river delta formed by the Bayram Dere,
flowing into the Marmara Sea. The main aim of this study is to discuss the changes
in socio-economic life and land-use before and after the landslide that caused displacement.
Furthermore, the village expands rapidly towards the coast where coastal landslides
driven by sea waves occur.
Beach
Management
An Evaluation of
Beach User Group Priorities,
Swansea Bay, South Wales, UK
M.R. Phillips(1), A.T. Williams(1,2) and
F. Ashby(1,3)
(1) School of Built
and Natural Environment, Faculty of Applied Design
and Engineering,
Swansea Metropolitan University, Mount Pleasant,
Swansea, Wales, UK.
SA1 6ED.
Tel: + 44 1792
481106; Fax: + 44 1792 651760.
Email:
m.phillips@smu.ac.uk;
(2) Email:
allan.williams@virgin.net
(3) Email:
faron.ashby@smu.ac.uk
Abstract
Landscape is a resource which should be considered as a variable in land
use decisions. However, a major problem in the development of quantitative
scenic assessment methods is measuring the contributions of specific landscape
elements to overall user preference. Coastal stakeholders can be grouped
according to use and as such, can inform of coastal aspects which are
considered specifically relevant to interest. Therefore, this study evaluated
the preferences and priorities of two user groups, walkers and cyclists along a
5km pathway in Swansea Bay, South Wales. These are the main user groups who use
it for travelling to work and recreational purposes. Scenery was assessed using
an established Beach Rating checklist, comprising fifty physical, biological
and human use factors. Weightings were subsequently established in response to
the priorities of these user groups. Physical factors dominated cyclist
responses while biological factors reflected walker priorities. Human use
factors were of concern to both groups and included beach litter and outfalls.
Results showed weighting of both groups had changed overall ranking and assessment
range in response to beach factors favoured by user group priorities. Results were
subsequently compared to results for conservation, surfer and family
preferences and differences shown. Physical factor scores were significantly
lower (p < 0.01) than both biological and human use categories for both
walkers and cyclists.
Coastal Scenery at Beaches on Hong Kong
Island, China,
A. T. Williams(1) and L. Li (2)
(1) Built
Environment, Swansea Metropolitan University, Mt Pleasant,
Swansea, SA1 6ED,
UK.
Tel. (01792 481149)
E.mail:
allan.williams@smu.ac.uk
(2) Lambeth
Engineering Consultants, 28/F Devon House, 578 King’s Road,
Box 9711, Hong
Kong, China.
Tel (852) 3962 6502
E.mail: leo.li@lambeth.com.hk
Abstract
Coastal managers together with planners need coastal landscape
inventories in order to base sound management decisions on ascertained facts.
Coastal areas are under threat due to the forcing function of people who flock
to the coast for habitation and/or recreation, which affects a strategic asset
– coastal scenery. In this paper, many coastal scenery parameters, obtained
from a literature search/questionnaires (>800), were subsequently pared to
26. Parameter preferences and priorities obtained by perception studies were
weighted pre fuzzy logic analysis via matrices relating to the selected landscape
components. Beaches on Hong Kong Island are sparse in number and coastal scenery
values were investigated at five Hong Kong island beaches chosen to represent the
main recreational beaches. An Evaluation Decision Index (D) value enabled
scenic differentiation. Class 1 scenery, had D values > 0.85; Class 2,
between 0.85 and 0.65; Class 3, between 0.65 and 0.4; Class 4, between 0.4 and
zero; Class 5, below zero. The D values found varied from 0.04 to 0.96.
Water
Management
Vulnerability of
Coastal Aquifers and Groundwater
Quality: Ghar El Melh (Tunisia) and Bou-Areg (Morocco)
Salvatore Carrubba (1), Jose Luis
Martin-Bordes (2) and Viviana Re (3)
(1) Department of
Applied Geology, DITAG, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca
degli Abruzzi, 24,
10124 Torino, Italy
E-mail:
salvatore.carrubba@libero.it
(2) UNESCO
International Hydrological Programme (IHP). Division of Water
Sciences. 1, rue
Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, France
Tel: +33145683954
E-mail:
jl.martin-bordes@unesco.org
(3) Department of
molecular sciences and nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari
Venice,
Dorsoduro-Calle Larga Santa Marta 2137. 30123 Venice, Italy
E-mail: re@unive.it
Abstract
Within the framework of the GEF UNEP/MAP Strategic Partnership for the Mediterranean
Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (MedPartnership), UNESCO’s International
Hydrological Programme (IHP) is executing the sub-component related to the
“Management of Coastal Aquifers and Groundwater”.
The aim of this subcomponent is to reverse the trends in over-extraction
and degradation in the quality of coastal aquifers in the Mediterranean coastal
zone through policy interactions for providing appropriate capacity and
technology for groundwater management. The activities focus on assessing the
risks to coastal aquifers and associated uncertainties, the preparation of a
regional action plan, demonstrations in collaboration with other sub-components
(ICZM, IWRM) and the drafting of legislative, policy and institutional reforms
contributing to the implementation of the Barcelona Convention and the related
Protocols.
This paper address the research work carried out in two case studies of
this subcomponent that have been supported by the Italian Ministry for
Environment, Land and Sea as a contribution to the MedPartnership. The first
case study addresses the vulnerability of the coastal aquifer of Ghar El Melh
in the North of Tunisia. In the largest part of the area there is more than one
aquifer. All aquifers are exploited by people through wells and the majority of
them are hand dug and used for agriculture purposes. In more than one point,
there is a connection between the fresh water of the aquifers and the salt
water of the lagoon or of the sea. The aquifers in this area present two types
of hydrogeological vulnerability: the first is due to the vertical
vulnerability of the aquifer resulting from a pollutant coming from the surface
and the second is due to the vulnerability resulting from salt water intrusion.
This study will present the methodology used for the evaluation of the aquifers
vulnerability and the next steps for the creation of a hydrogeological model
and a vulnerability map.
The second case study addresses the hydrogeochemical study of the
Bou-Areg coastal plain in the North of Morocco. The alluvial coastal aquifer is
drained by a large number of wells drilled for civil, industrial, agricultural
and domestic purposes. Therefore, the main impacts on the aquifer are
associated on the one hand to abstraction rates exceeding natural replenishment
rates, and possibly leading to overexploitation problems, and on the other to
diffuse and point sources of pollution associated to human activities causing
the degradation of the natural groundwater quality. In order to evaluate and
quantify those processes, the investigation on the Bou-Areg coastal aquifer is
focused on the application of general chemistry and isotopic (δ2H,
δ18O, δ13C, δ15NNO3, δ18ONO3) tracers aimed to identify the
main sources of groundwater pollution and salinization.
Water Stress Dynamics in Zante Island,
Ionian Sea
Pavlos Megalovasilis(1), Anastasios
Kalimeris(2) and Spyros Plessas(3)
(1) Department of
Geology, University of Patras, Patra, GR 26 504, Greece,
Tel: +30-
6945-109741
E-mail:
pmegal@upatras.gr
(2) Department of
Environmental Technology and Ecology, Technological
Educational
Institute of the Ionian Islands, GR 29 100, Greece
(3)Department of
Environment and Hydroeconomy, Regional Section of
Zakynthos, GR 291
00, Greece
Abstract
Zante Island (central Mediterranean region) is a very rapidly developing
island in terms of touristic production, population, urbanization and
groundwater is the main water reservoirused to supply these activities plus the
agricultural and domestic demands. Permanent population increases after the
1980s (at a decadal rate as high as +19%), as well as, the touristic arrivals
and overnight stays (that increasing at decadal rates equal to 16% and 9.5%
respectively). In addition, tourist development has an impact in groundwater
demands of 1.2∙106 km3/year. The aforementioned population dynamics is
accompanied by an intensive urbanization along the island, where an impressive
house construction increase at a mean annual rate of 2.6% yr−1 recorded
in the last decade. On the same time annual precipitation has been diminished
by 22 cm (or 23%) after the 1970s, and climatic models predict that the
observed significant negative trends to persist at least along the current
century. Hence it is estimated that the future water deficit from precipitation
in Zante will cause 40 hm3 less groundwater natural recharge. Surface
discharges are not permanent and most of the runoff water ends to the sea.
Unmanaged domestic, commercial, irrigation and industrial water use has caused
discrete environmental problems to its aquifers such as overexploitation, salinization
and quality degradation. As an indirectly consequence there is also a dramatic
increase in the amounts of waste material buried comparing to the past apart the
higher water demands. This fact has led the saturation of islands landfill and
a series of serious environmental consequences. The present total water
consumption is estimated to reach more than 9.3∙106 m3 yr−1, but
various future scenarios that takes into account in a rather simple –and mostly
linear- way the observed population, development and climate trends, show that
by the 2050s water demands would be doubled or even tripled (reaching levels as
high as 18 − 34 hm3∙y−1). In such a case, the increase of all
water demands seems to be able for exhausting the geological groundwater
reserves of the island. Therefore rational management of island’s water resources
according to the existent lows must be applied immediately.
Water Protection: Investigation of
Riparian Buffer Zones
Barış Ergen(1) and Zeynep Ergen(1,2)
(1) Bozok
University, 66100 Yozgat, Turkey
Tel: +90 354 242 10
01/ 2198 (internal) Fax: +90 354 242 10 05
E-mail:
baris_ergen@yahoo.com
(2) E-mail: ardazeynep@gmail.com
Abstract
Urban development can be defined as growing population, higher
population density and physical sprawl of an urban area. The physical
development of urban growth demolishes the natural areas and natural resources.
Water resources are the one of the example of that they are affected by urban
development. Water resources are affected by urban development which river or
stream carries the pollutants. In this process pollutants gather by water
runoff and mix with ground and underground water. The joining point of streams
with water runoff is the important zone to intervention to water pollution.
This zone is named riparian buffer zone; and riparian buffer zone is transition
zone of river or stream between lands. Researches show that riparian buffer zones
obstruct contamination, sediments, erosion therefore we can name the riparian buffer
zones as a filter zones of rivers; besides riparian buffer zones provide to
create habitat for species, improve water quality and create migration paths to
species. Researches about riparian zones have shown that two main subjects were
emphasized in order to protect water resources. First one is vegetation of
buffer zone; and latter is expansion of buffer zones in order to hinder the
negative effects of human activities such as agriculture, urbanization,
industrial production. Aquatic systems are so sensitive areas that the quality
of system can not be measured by just expanse and/or vegetation.
In this sense in conclusion a land use based method is recommended so as
toprotect streams or rivers from urban development and the negative effects of urbanization.
According to results of this method land uses, forestation and vegetation areas
can be defined and expanse of buffer zone can be determined successfully.
Climate
Change Impacts and Responses
Climate Change
Impacts on Coastal Areas: Results from
the SALT, TRUST, CANTICO and PEGASO Projects
Silvia Torresan
(1), Jonathan Rizzi (1,2), Alex Zabeo (1,3), Sara
Pasini(1,4), Valentina Gallina(1,5), Andrea Critto (1,6) and Antonio
Marcomini (6,7)
(1) Centro
Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), Impacts
on Soil and Coast
Division c/o Consorzio Venezia Ricerche, Ricerche, Viale
della Libertà 5-12,
Marghera-Venice, Italy,
Tel. +39-0415093020
Fax. +39-0415093074
E-mail:
torresan@unive.it
(2) E-mail:
jonathan.rizzi@unive.it
(3) E-mail:
alex.zabeo@gmail.com
(4) E-mail:
sara.pasini@cmcc.it
(5) E-mail:
valentina.gallina@cmcc.it.
(6) Department of
Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’
Foscari Venice,
Calle Larga S. Marta 2137, I-30123 Venice, Italy
Tel. +39-0412348548
Fax. +39-0412348584
E-mail:
critto@unive.it
(7) E-mail:
marcom@unive.it
Abstract
Climate change and consequent impacts on coastal resources and related
surface and ground environments (e.g. river basins, groundwater, marine and
terrestrial ecosystems) are today receiving a high level of national and
international attention. According, many of the problems facing surface and
ground environments can only be solved through appropriate scientific
methodologies based on an ecosystem approach that consider multiple natural and
anthropogenic impacts and receptors.
DEcision support SYstem for COastal climate change impact assessment (DESYCO)
is a GIS-based tool for the assessment and management of climate change impacts
on coastal areas and related environments at the regional scale. It adopts an ecosystem
approach and implements a Regional Risk Assessment (RRA) methodology, based on
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), in order to identify and prioritize areas
and targets at risk in the considered region. The RRA methodology integrates climate
change hazards analysis, based on the elaboration of output from climate, hydrodynamic,
hydrological, hydrogeological and biogeochemical models, with vulnerability
analysis of environmental and socio-economic features of the territory. DESYCO
and the RRA GIS-based outputs allow the prioritization of intervention options
through the visualization of impacted areas and vulnerable receptors.
DESYCO has been tested in four different case studies: the Esino river
basin and groundwater (Marche Region, Italy) within the SALT project, the Upper
Plain of the Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia regions (Italy) within the TRUST
project, the coastal areas of the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) within the
PEGASO projects, and the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia) within the CANTICO project.
The main results are here presented for the case studies.
Ecohydrology
Approach to Sustain Ecological Functions
of Coastal Ecosystems under Climate Change
Luis Chícharo (1),
Maria Alexandra Chícharo (2), Radhouan
Ben-Hamadou (1,2,3) and Pedro Morais (2,4)
(1)
UNESCO-International Centre for Coastal Ecohydrology, University of
Algarve; Campus de
Gambelas, 8005-139 Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
Tel:
+351-289-800-972; Fax: +351-289-800-069
Email:
lchichar@ualg.pt
(2) Centre Marine
Sciences of Algarve CCMAR, University of Algarve;
Campus de Gambelas,
8005-139 Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
Tel:
+351-289-800-900;ext. 7393; Fax: +351-289-800-069
Email:
mchichar@ualg.pt
(3)Email:
bhamadou@ualg.pt
(4)Email: prange@ualg.pt
Abstract
Global climate variabilty affects large-scale phenomena, such as the
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which is known to influence the climate in
Europe. Considering the tendency from the last 30 years and the scenarios
proposed by the IPCC, the dominance of NAO+ situations, characterized by long
drought periods, is foreseen for southern Europe and particularly for the
Mediterranean region. In addition, an increase of freshwater retention due to
the construction of more dams or to higher retention in the existing dams is
also expected. Such decrease in freshwater inflow affect the functioning and
productivity of estuarine and coastal waters. In this study we have analysed
the impact of the modification in the freshwater inflow on the functioning and
productivity at the Guadiana river estuary, in south Portugal, with
consequences to the fisheries in adjacent coastal areas. The results showed a
decrease in primary productivity, the impact on estuarine nursery conditions
and the increase in abundance and spatial distribution of invasive species.
Moreover, coastal fish assemblages changed with the decrease in river discharge
and impacted on the landings of coastal fisheries.
We suggest that an integration of the timing and volume of discharges by
dams is needed to minimize the effects of climate change and sustain estuarine
functions and coastal fisheries.
Coastal Communities
Adapting to Climate Change:
Capacity Building and Communication in the Solent, UK
A.W. Gallagher (1), R. Gallagher(2), J.
Hale(3) and K. McHugh (4)
(1) Maritime and
Technology Faculty, Southampton Solent University,
Southampton UK SO14
0RD
Tel: +44 2380
319748
Email:
Anthony.gallagher@solent.ac.uk
(2)Strategic
Environmental Delivery Group, Hampshire County Council,
Winchester, SO23
8UD
Tel: +44 1962
846925
Email:
Rachael.Gallagher@Hants.gov.uk
(3)Countryside
Service, Hampshire County Council, Winchester, SO23 8ZF
Tel: +44 1962
847717
Email:
jo.hale@hants.gov.uk
(4) Solent Forum,
Hampshire, SO23 8UD
Tel: +44 1962
846027
Email: Solentforum@hants.gov.uk
Abstract
As climate change accelerates the dynamism of natural processes, its impacts
are likely to be most keenly felt in the coastal zone where littoral
communities may face an increasing risk of both erosion and flooding. As a
response to climate change the primary mechanism on a geopolitical scale has
been one of mitigation, as an attempt to reduce the anthropogenic causes at its
root. However, perceived limitations of this approach led Parties to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) to agree in Bali, 2007
that the alternative approach of adaptation should play a significantly greater
role in the future global response, and this is now embedded as one of the post
2012 pillars.
There is evidence of adaptation already taking place but this is
currently piecemeal in nature, with research showing distinct challenges and
barriers to its introduction. Nevertheless, enhanced vulnerability facing
coastal communities requires novel solutions to enable its implementation, thus
allowing for a more strategic approach to ensure that timely and effective
measures are taken, and to ensure coherence across different sectors and levels
of governance.
The research presented in this paper is concerned with exploring the
capacity of coastal areas to adapt to change in terms of policy, spatial
planning and development options, and is geographically focussed on the Solent.
This estuarine complex is an area of coast likely to be particularly vulnerable
to coastal change since it is densely populated, low-lying and highly contested
by a range of competing interests. It is also likely to include specific areas
defined as Coastal Change Management Areas (CCMAs) that will not be protected
by any new measures; hence requiring communities to adapt.
The paper will outline an EU Interreg IVa - 2 seas funded project
entitled ‘Coastal Communities 2150 and Beyond’ (CC2150), and in particular its
application in the Solent. On the basis of vulnerability and coastal risk, this
project is aimed at informing communities of predicted climate change impacts
in order that they might be empowered to find proactive responses to the
problem of coastal change. Central to this is the need to communicate science
and build capacity within coastal areas, so as to enable effective planning,
the conclusions of which are horizontally transferrable to other vulnerable
areas of the UK coast and beyond.
Fisheries
and Mariculture
Management of
Threatened Aphanius Fasciatus
at Il-Maghluq, Malta
Marion
Zammit-Mangion(1), Alan Deidun(2),
Robert Vassallo-Agius(3) and Melvin Magri(3,4)
(1) Dept of
Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta
E-mail:
mzam1@um.edu.mt
(2)
IOI-MOC,University of Malta
E-mail:
alan.deidun@um.edu.mt
(3) Malta
Acquaculture Research Centre, Malta
E-mail:
robert.j.vassallo@gov.mt
(4)E-mail: melvin.magri@gov.mt
Abstract
Over the last decade the distribution of Aphanius fasciatus Nardo has regressed sharply across the
Maltese Islands despite numerous legal conservation instruments. In this study
we present the results of a one-year phenological study at the protected wetland
site known as Il-Maghluq. The A.
fasciatus population structure and a number of water physical
characteristics were monitored. The biotic data collected was found to be
consistent with that of a highly vulnerable population. The authors make a
number of management recommendations to improve the conservation status of this
population.
Fishing Yields of Lagocephalus
sceleratus in Cyprus
Antonis Petrou(1),
Evagoras Isaias(1), Kyproulla
Chrysanthou(1) and Giuseppe Scarcella(2)
(1)
AP Marine Environmental Consultancy Ltd
2 Acropoleos Str.,
2101 Aglanjia, Nicosia, Cyprus
Tel.: +357
223311660; Fax: +357 22 339959
E-mail:
apmarine@valicom.com.cy, isaias.evagoras@gmail.com
kchrysanthou@apmarine.com.cy
(2) Institute of
Marine Science – National Research Council (ISMAR-CNR)
L.go Fiera della
Pesca, 60125 - Ancona, Italy
Tel.: +39
0712078849; Fax: +39071 55313
E-mail: g.scarcella@ismar.cnr.it
Abstract
The present study is a first attempt to analyze the accidental catches
of Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin,
1789) in the artisanal fishery carried out in the coastal waters of Cyprus
through set nets. The species is characterized as an invasive species and
included in the list of the 100 “worst invasives” in the Mediterranean. In Cyprus,
L. sceleratus has a
negative impact on the artisanal fisheries, since it often damages both the
fishing gear and the catch of the fishermen with its powerful jaws. L.
sceleratus also has
a potential risk to humans, since it contains tetrodotoxin, which may cause
poisoning and even death. In the present study, the coastal waters of Cyprus
were divided into five smaller zones (1: from Paralimni to Cape Greko; 2: from
Cape Greko to Pervolia; 3: from Pervolia to Zygi; 4: from Zygi to Pissouri; 5:
from Pissouri to Kato Pirgos). In the main landing points of each area, data
were collected from October to November 2009 interviewing artisanal fishermen
using gill nets. Moreover, randomly 50 specimens for each observation (when
possible) were examined for the collection of biological data. Because of
differences in the net deployment times and length, indices of abundance
(number of individuals) were standardized for a 12 h set period and 500 m of
net. To compare the standardized fishing yields on the base of the area, a
1-way Analysis Of Variance was employed. Moreover a comparison of the length
frequency distributions of the catches observed in each area was carried out
using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. A total of 189 observations were carried out
and 1,914 fish were analyzed. The statistical analyses evidenced lower fishing
yields of L. sceleratus in
the area from Pervolia to Pissouri (3 and 4), probably due to the different
substratum present in such zone. The comparison of the length distributions
evidenced significant differences for all the area, in particularly the areas 1
and 5 were characterized by smaller specimens. These preliminary results
clearly identify that the artisanal fishing activities in the zones 1, 2 and 5
are the more negatively influenced by the presence of this invasive species.
What is the Impact
of Lessepsian Species on Eastern
Mediterranean Fisheries?
Evgenia
Lefkaditou(1), Mohamed Abdelaty(2), Michel Bariche(3), Mariolina
Corsini-Foka(4),
Mark Dimech(5), Panagiotis Economidis(6), Ali Cemal Gücü(7),
Stefanos Kalogirou(4), Kostas Konnaris(8), Imad Lahouf (9), Abdalnaser Madi(10),
Samir Majdalani(9), Hatem Hanafy Mahmoud(11), Nikolas Michailidis(8),
Dahej El Mokdad(12), Manal Nader(13), Mohamed Qamheyih(14), Lidia
Orsi-Relini(15),
Giorgos Pagiatas(8), Panagiota Peristeraki(1), Giulio Relini(15), Ahmed Salem(2),
Guiseppe Scarpella(16), Alexandros Theocharis(17) and Cemal Turan(18)
(1) Institute of
Marine Biological Resources, Hellenic Centre for Marine
Research Greece,
FAO – EastMed Project HQ, Androu 1,112 57 Athens,
Greece
Tel: +30210 8847960
Fax +30210 8837600
E-mail:
Eastmed@fao.orgURL://www.faoeastmed.org
(2) General
Authority for Fish Resources Development, Egypt
(3) Biology
Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
(4) Hydrobiological
Station of Rhodes, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research,
Greece
(5) FAO - EastMed
Project, Androu 1,112 57 Athens, Greece
(6) Department of
Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
(7) Institute of
Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
(8) Department of
Fisheries and Marine Research, Ministry of Agriculture,
Cyprus
(9) Department of
Fisheries & Wildlife, Ministry of Agriculture, Lebanon
(10)Directorate of Marine Environment
Protection, Ministry of Agriculture,
Gaza Strip &
West Bank
(11)National
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt
(12)Division of
Forests and Natural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture,
Lebanon”
(13)Institute of
the Environment, University of Balamand, Lebanon
(14)General
Directorate of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Gaza Strip &
West Bank
(15)Dipartimento
per lo studio del Territorio e delle sue Risorse, University of
Genoa, Italy
(16)Institute of
Marine Science, National Research Council ISMAR-CNR,
Italy
(17)Institute of
Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Greece
(18)Mustafa Kemal
University, Faculty of Fisheries, Turkey
Abstract
The migration of Lessepsian species, which was the result of the opening
of the Suez Canal in 1869 and further facilitated by human activities and
environmental conditions, seems to play a key role for fisheries particularly
in the Levant basin. However, there is still lack of accurate data for most of
the Lessepsian species in order to evaluate their positive or negative effect
to the fisheries catches and local fish stocks. The Project “Scientific and
Institutional Cooperation to Support Responsible Fisheries in the Eastern
Mediterranean- EastMed has been declared in September 2009, is executed by the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by
Greece, Italy and EC. A network of experts on the effect of Lessepsian species
on fisheries of the Eastern Mediterranean (NELESFISH) was established following
a sub-regional technical meeting of the FAO-EastMed Project on “The Lessepsian
Migration and its Impact on Eastern Mediterranean Fishery”, that took place in
Nicosia, Cyprus, in December 2010 and was attended by experts from Cyprus,
Egypt, Gaza Strip and West bank, Greece, Italy, Lebanon and Turkey. According
to the review of available information during the meeting, the Lessepsian
migrants caught by fishing gears include nowadays 77 fish and 24 invertebrate
species; their numbers are increasing from year to year. Some Lessepsian
species, like Siganus spp., Marsupenaeus japonicus, Saurida undosquamis, Etrumeus terres, Upeneus spp., have been successfully
introduced into local markets, constituting important resources for fisheries
in some countries. Others, like Fistularia
commersoni, are landed or discarded depending on the demand in the local
markets and require some marketing to increase their commercialization. Some
venomous species, like for example Lagocephalus
sceleratus and Rhopilema
nomadica, apart from being hazardous to human health, are causing
damages to fishing gears and commercial catches, particularly of some coastal fisheries
in the Levant basin. Among the main objectives of the network of experts are the
standardization of methodology for the collection of data aiming to the quantification
of Lessepsian migrants and their effects on fisheries, the development of a
database with relative literature and legislation and the contribution of recommendations
within the framework of the FAO EastMed project towards the minimization of
negative effects of Lessepsian migration and the adaptation of fisheries to
this phenomenon.
Non-indigenous Species in Mediterranean
Fish Assemblages
Stefanos Kalogirou(1,2), Håkan
Wennhage(3), Andreas Sioulas(2) and Leif Pihl (2)
(1) University of Gothenburg, Department of
Marine Ecology, Kristineberg 566,
451 78
Fiskebäckskil, Sweden Tel. +46-523-185-35
(2) Hellenic Centre
for Marine Research, Hydrobiological Station of Rhodes,
851 00 Rhodes,
Greece Tel: +30-22410-78320 Fax: +30-22410-78321
(3) Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic
Resources, 453 21
Lysekil, Sweden Tel: +46-10-478-4051
Abstract
Quantitative
sampling in combination with classification of fish species into six major
feeding guilds revealed the present position and contribution of non-indigenous
species (NIS) in the food web of Posidonia oceanica and sandy habitats. In P. oceanic beds and on sandy bottoms
10 and five species, respectively, were non-indigenous fish of Indo-Pacific and
Red Sea origin. The proportional contribution of NIS individuals on P.
oceanica beds was lower
than that of sandy bottoms (12.7 vs. 20.4
%) a pattern that also followed for biomass (13.6 vs. 23.4 %), indicating that species-rich communities might be
less impacted than low diverse systems. The two habitats had similar fish feeding
guilds, but the biomass contribution from NIS varied within each guild, indicating
different degrees of impact on the available resources. This study showed that only
few non-indigenous fish species contributed to the differences in biomass between
habitats. Two of the aspects considered in this study, the chance of
establishing and the chance of being very dominant will depend upon competitive
abilities strongly coupled to size and grounds for habitat shift. However,
success of establishment will also depend on appropriate food resources in the
recipient community as well as competitive abilities and level of competition
in the food web within habitats.
New Record of Alien Fish - Indo- Pacific
Species- Torquigener flavimaculosus in the Syrian Sea Water
Waad Sabour and Adib Saad
Marine Sciences
Laboratory, Tishreen University, Syria
Tel: +963 955
731536 Fax: +963 41 465788
Email: t-waad@scs-net.org
Abstract
The puffer fish Torquigener flavimaculosus
Hardy and Randall, 1983 is a essepsian species immigrant to the eastern
Mediterranean via the Suez Canal. Many specimens of this species were collected
by beach seine and trammel net at depth 20 and 50 m. during November 2009 -
July 2010 off the Syrian coast. This work confirms the establishment of this
invasive species in the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
The Hellenic Approach to Coastal
Aquaculture Development
Dimitris S. Klaoudatos(1), Alexios I. Conides(1,2), Kostas
Kapiris(1,3), Aikaterini Anastasopoulou(1,4)and
Sotiris Glykokokkalos(1,5)
(1) Institute of
Marine Biological Resources, Hellenic Centre for Marine
Research, 16610
Athens Greece
Tel: +30-210 98 56
717 Fax:+30 201 98 11 713
E-mail:
dklaoudatos@ath.hcmr.gr
(2) E-mail:
conides@ath.hcmr.gr
(3) E-mail:
kkapir@ath.hcmr.gr
(4) E-mail:
kanast@ath.hcmr.gr
(5) E-mail: sglik@ath.hcm.gr
Abstract
Marine aquaculture constitutes an important sector of primary
productivity in Greece. Aquaculture industry has significantly contributed to
the national economy and has combated unemployment especially in remote areas.
During the last decade, marine aquaculture has proven to be one of the fastest
developing activities of the Greek primary sector (holding the first position
amongst the European countries in intensive marine aquaculture production) by
utilizing the favorable conditions of the Hellenic seas as well as by the
structural policies of the European Union offering financial assistance.
Nevertheless marine aquaculture production has displayed signs of stability during
recent years mainly due to lack of availability of suitable installation areas
in the coastal zone, secondary due to capacity adjustments owing to
environmental and other issues and thirdly due to difficulty of increasing
primary material production in order to increase productivity (a major example
is small pelagic fish used for fishmeal production, a major constituent of fish
feed for intensive aquaculture).
E.U. strategy for sustainable aquaculture was validated by the common
fisheries policy (CFP) in 2002 aiming in aquaculture development. CFP applied a
precautionary approach taking measures aiming to protect and preserve the
living aquatic resources through sustainable exploitation. CFP covers
activities of preservation, management and exploitation of living aquatic
resources, aquaculture, manufacture and selling of fisheries and aquaculture
products in the framework of sustainable development while balancing the
environmental, economic and social extensions. Since adopting the CFP then
there has been a significant advancement in ensuring environmental
sustainability, safety and quality of the aquaculture products in the E.U. At
present there are no international and European quantitative aims for
aquaculture development. The main aims of aquaculture have been the
replenishment of the negative balance that the fishing industry creates due to
excessive demand and the support of the socioeconomic network in remote
impoverished areas through the development of alternative ways other than fishing
of marine ecosystem exploitation. In order to further develop the aquaculture industry
in Greece a number of measures need to be established. These measures include:
a) resettlement of current intensive floating cage aquaculture farms ensuring environmental
protection, high productivity, financial prosperity and minimal conflicts with
other coastal activities. b) Establishment of new and expansion of current aquaculture
farms aiming to cultivate new high demand species, species characterized by
rapid growth and biological and ecological products. c) Modernization of
current aquaculture farms with emphasis in product quality improvement, health
and safety, management improvement and use of new technologies for
environmental monitoring and protection from predators. d) Extensive use of
green energy for the aquaculture farms. e) Incentives for aquaculture
development in remote impoverished areas and modernization of the legal
framework regarding permit and establishment of an aquaculture farm. In any
case the success of aquaculture development in Greece as well as the
minimization of its effects on the environment will highly depend on the management
plan that will be adopted for every organized area of aquaculture development.
ABSTRACTS
Coastal Ecosystems
Variability of
the North-East Black Sea Ecosystem
V.S. Arkhipkin(1), A.V. Polyakova(1,2) and T.V. Polyakova(1,3)
(1) Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian
Federation
Tel:
+7(495)9392215
E-mail: victor.arkhipkin@gmail.com
(2) Tel:
+7(495)9392215
E-mail:
anpol@mail.ru
(3) Tel:
+7(495)9392791
E-mail: polyakova-biologl@mail.ru
Abstract
The changes of Gelendzhik
Bay ecosystem during
last 12 years were investigated. It is
shown that the concentrations of biogenic and organic substances on the whole
increase since 2002 year until 2011 year. The winter temperature played
significant role in development marine ecosystem.
The
increase of phosphorus and nitrogen content causes the augmentation of algae
biomass. In winter 2011 year the growth of Pseudosolenia calcar-avis was limited
by low silicate concentration.
Comparison of Rapana
venosa From Different Biotopes of the Black
Sea Based on
Morphological Characters
Alisa R. Kosyan(1) and Marina V. Krylenko(2)
(1) A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS,
Leninsky prosp. 33 119071 Moscow, Russia
Tel: + 7-499-135 18 78,
Fax: + 7-495-954 55 34
E-mail: kosalisa@rambler.ru
(2) Southern
Branch of P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, 353467 Gelendzhik-7,
Russia
Tel: + 7-86141-282 81, Fax:
+ 7-86141-280 89
E-mail: krylenko@mail.ru
Abstract
The Asian whelk Rapana
venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Muricidae), being
tolerant to wide variations in temperature, salinity and oxygen concentration (Zolotarev, 1996; Mann and
Harding, 2003), successfully settled down in the Black Sea as well as
along the Northern Adriatic, American
Atlantic (Chesapeake Bay) (Harding and Mann, 1999) and the South Atlantic
oceans (Pastorino et al., 2000). This large predatory gastropod caused the
depletion of large stocks of commercial bivalves (oysters and mussels) in the
Materials of the
study were 10 samples collected in different sections of the coast from
Oocyte Cohort Analysis in Solen marginatus
Leila Hmida(1), Nadia
Ayache(3), Zohra Haouas(4) and Mohamed Salah Romdhane(1,2)
(1) R.U.
Ecosystems & Aquatic Reources, INAT, Carthage University, Charles Nicolle
Avenue 43, Tunis 1082, Tunisia.
Tel: +216 99981421 Fax: +216 73907927
E-mail:
hmidaleila@yahoo.fr
Tel:
+216 97325090, Fax: +216 71799391
(2)
E-mail: ramadhanms@gmail.com
(3) Institut Superieur Biotechnologie Monastir,
Taher Haded Avenue, 5000, Tunisie
Tel: + 216 98639635
Fax: +216 71799391
E-mail: ayach_nadia@yahoo.fr
(4)
Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics, Faculty of Medicine at Monastir,
5000, Tunisia.
Tel: +216 98 463678 Fax: +216 73 501968
E-mail:
zohrahaouas@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The purpose of
this study is to develop an oocyte maturation scale and to retrace the
development of the oocyte cohorts in razor clam populations Solen marginatus
(Bivalvia: Solenacea Mollusca),
sampled at the tidal area of Maltine Wadi (El Mares, Gulf of Gabes - Southern
Tunisia). The development of an oocyte maturation scale could help reproductive
cycle monitoring and the assessment plan in the search for populations. The
results included 7,535 oocyte measurements during a one-year sampling time
period from May 2007 to May 2008. Based on the qualitative and quantitative
analysis of the oocyte measuring activities, we would assume a four stage
maturation process: I: gametogenesis commencement from November through to
March, the oocyte diameters are smaller than 15µm; II: oocyte growth from April
through to May: the oocyte diameters range between 15 and 25µm; III: oocytes
maturation from May through to -October, the oocyte diameters range between 25
and 40µm; and IV: resorption of the gonads from May through to October: the
oocyte aspects were irregular, disrupted or burst.
The development
of the indices of the dry condition and the oocyte cohorts shows major reproductive activity of the species from
April through to October. Initial maturation commences in May followed by a
major gamete emission in June. Maturation recovery occurs in July followed by
oocyte growth, which continues, and appears to be more rapid during summer and
early autumn. The first gamete emission occurs in May during the first oocyte cohort maturity accession and
continues until late October with an irregular time-interval between the
emissions.
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in the NE Adriatic
Enis Hrustić(1), Marina Carić(1,2) and Rade Garić(1,3)
(1) Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik Kneza
Damjana Jude 12, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
Tel: +385 20 323 484; Fax:
+385 20 323 872
E-mail: enis.hrustic@unidu.hr
(2) E-mail:
marina.caric-gluncic@unidu.hr;
(3) E-mail: rade.garic@unidu.hr
Abstract
Velebit and Pag channels represent the deepest part of the north
In summer, deep chlorophyll maxima DCM (50 m and deeper) were developed
along the channels. APAPmax (22.08 nM PO43- h-1)
was detected in the Velebit Channel (V1). Specific APAPmax (Chl a to C biomass approximation) confirmed
the highest phosphate deficiency stress in surface layer (0 – 4 m) of the most
outer station P3 (123.00 nmol PO43-/μg C h) what was
two orders of magnitude greater than average in the rest of the investigated
area. Extremely low specific APAP detected in chlorophyll maxima depths (0.01 -
0.05 nmol PO43-/μg C h) suggest probably greater
share of smaller phototrophs (< 1.2 μm) in formation of deep
chlorophyll maxima as well as unknown APAP remained uncaptured (> 53
μm; < 1.2 μm). Low phosphate concentrations (0.01 - 0.05 μM),
slightly higher organic P concentrations (0.02 - 0.20 μM) and high TIN/PO43-
ratios (32 - 359) indicated P-limitation.
In winter, outer stations in Pag Channel (P3
and P2) had deeper chlorophyll maxima (> 60 m) with lower Chl a concentrations (0.51 - 0.69 μg/l)
than in middle (P1-V2) and lower part (V2-V1) of the channel system where
maxima (0.7 - 6.05 μg/l) were positioned in range (17 – 25 m). Winter APAP
are in the same order of magnitude as in summer but specific APAP are in
average 45% of summer ones.
Specific
APAP in both seasons were decreasing from outer to inner stations. Sharp
salinity gradients, horizontal and vertical, existing in the lower part of the
channel system in both seasons, define the area as outer part of microtidal
Zrmanja Estuary. General increase of average nutrients and Chl a concentrations from Pag and Velebit
Channel towards mainland and opposite direction of specific APAP trend, reveals
Zrmanja river flow rate as significant factor controlling the trophic gradient
along the channel system as well as P-limitation.
Inter-annual Variability in
the Bottom-up and Top-down Control of Bacteria
in the Middle Adriatic Sea
Mladen Šolić(1), Nada Krstulović(1,2), Danijela Šantić(1,3)
Stefanija
Šestanović(1,4), Grozdan Kušpilić(1,5) and Natalia Bojanić(1,6)
(1) Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia
Tel:
+385-21-408 000 Fax: +385-21-358 650
E-mail:
solic@izor.hr
(2) E-mail:
krstulovic@izor.hr
(3) E-mail:
segvic@izor.hr
(4) E-mail:
sesta@izor.hr
(5) E-mail:
kuspe@izor.hr
(6) E-mail:
bojanic@izor.hr
Abstract
Variability in the bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) regulation of bacteria
was analysed on non-seasonal (inter-annual) scales in the coastal and open
middle Adriatic Sea during one decade (1997-2006). Decomposition of time series
was performed to eliminate seasonal variability and to isolate non-seasonal
(inter-annual) changes in the relative importance of the BU and TD control of
bacteria. In order to examine the regulation of bacteria by substrate
availability (bottom-up control, BU) and by predation (top-down control, TD),
data were analyzed according to empirical model based on comparative data
analyses. The analyses showed the tendency for bacteria to be TD controlled in
oligotrophic open sea, and BU controlled in more eutrophic coastal sea.
However, temporal variability in the BU and TD control was much stronger, and
the periods of both strong BU and strong TD control were found at all studied
stations, independently of their trophic status. Non-seasonal fluctuations in
relative importance of the BU and TD control of bacteria pointed to a few
periods when one or another type of control was very strong. In the coastal
sea, the period of the strong TD control of bacteria (established in 1997) was
characterized by marked increase of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and bacterial
abundance, followed by an increase in HNF abundance. On the other hand, bacterial
abundance was also strongly coupled with nitrogen during both periods of strong
BU control (2002 and 2004) but, opposite to 1997, the response of HNF predators
failed to occur. In the open sea, similar fluctuations in relative importance
of the BU and TD control of bacteria were found in both surface and bottom
layers. The periods of strong BU or TD control coincided with some specific
meteorological and hydrographical conditions (strong influence of North
Adriatic Dense Water in 1997, strong Levantine Intermediate Water ingression in
2004 or extremely warm winter and the Po River runoff in 2000/01).
Responses of Microbial Food Web to Eutrophication Decreasing
Nada Krstulović(1), Mladen Šolić(1,2), Danijela Šantić(1,3)
Stefanija
Šestanović(1,4),
Grozdan Kušpilić(1,5),
Živana Ninčević Gladan(1,6) and Natalia Bojanić(1,7)
(1) Institue
of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia
Tel: +385-21-408 000 Fax: +385-21-358 650
E-mail: krstulovic@izor.hr
(2) E-mail:
solic@izor.hr
(3) E-mail:
segvic@izor.hr
(4) E-mail:
sesta@izor.hr
(5) E-mail:
kuspe@izor.hr
(6) E-mail:
nincevic@izor.hr
(7) E-mail: bojanic@izor.hr
Abstract
Vranjic Basin, in the eastern part of Kaštela Bay (middle Adriatic Sea),
received municipal wastewater until offshore submarine outfalls were finished
in November 2004. To identify the responses of the microbial community to
changes in the trophic status of the marine environment, two 4-year periods
were compared: a “eutrophic” period (2001-2004) when the sewage waters entered
the Basin and an “oligotrophic” period (2005-2008) after the outfalls were
completed. The switch from more to less eutrophic conditions was accompanied by
decreases in bacterial abundance and production. The percent contribution of
small phytoplankton chlorophyll (< 10 μm) to total chlorophyll
increased from less than 40% during the eutrophic period to more than 60%
during the oligotrophic period. Significant changes in the microbial food web
were also identified. During eutrophic conditions, bacteria were dominantly
under the phytoplankton-mediated bottom-up control whereas HNF were dominantly
controlled by ciliate grazing (top-down control). In contrast, during the
oligotrophic period, predominantly top-down control of bacteria by strong HNF
grazing was observed. At the same time, HNF were spared from strong ciliate
predation pressure because the ciliates apparently switched their dominant prey
from HNF to the small phytoplankton fraction during that period.
Polychaete
Diversity in Lagoons and Estuaries of the Southern Gulf of Mexico
Pablo Hernández-Alcántara(1), Josué Daniel Cortés-Solano(1,2) and Vivianne
Solís-Weiss(1,3)
(1) Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad de Invertebrados
Marinos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México. Cdad Universitaria,
C.P. 04510, México, D.F.
Tel. 52(55)
56225840, Fax (52) 55 56160748
E-mail:
pabloh@cmarl.unam.mx
(2) E-mail:
orsodipoler@hotmail.com
(3) E-mail: solisw@cmarl.unam.mx
Abstract
Coastal lagoons and estuaries are among the most
productive ecosystems in the world and are used as areas of shelter, breeding,
growth and feeding by many species commercial or not. In the southern
Marine Pollution,
Bio-monitoring
Bioaccumulation
of Toxic Metals in Loggerhead Turtles from
Mediterranean Sea Coast, Egypt
Maha Ahmed
Mohamed Abdallah(1) and Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Abd-Allah(2)
(1) National
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qait Bey, Alexandria, Egypt
Tel:
+2 0107205032, +2 03 3580152
E-mail:
mahaahmed001@yahoo.com
(2) Food Inspection Lab.
Alexandria, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
E-mail:
ma41ma@hotmail.com
Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations in the different tissues of
marine turtles are presented; the most frequently monitored elements are
mercury, cadmium and lead.
Concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb and As in different organs and tissues
(liver, kidney, muscle tissue, fat tissue and blood) of loggerhead turtles
Caretta caretta from south eastern
Global Evaluation of
Mediterranean Trace-Metal Contamination Based on Bio-Accumulator Study
Christine Pergent-Martini(1),
Maÿlis Salivas-Decaux(1,2),
Marina Bonacorsi(1,3) and Gérard Pergent(1,4)
(1) UMR CNRS SPE 6134, Corsica University, Faculty
of Science of Corte, 20250 Corte (France)
Tel : 0033 4 95 45 00 55
E-mail: pmartini@univ-corse.fr
(2) E-mail: mailyssalivas@hotmail.fr
(3) E-mail: bonacorsi@univ-corse.fr
(4) E-mail: pergent@univ-corse.fr
Abstract
Due to their coastal distribution, seagrasses are directly submitted to
land-originating pollutions, especially metal contamination. The ability of Posidonia
oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa to concentrate contaminants has been used
to evaluate trace-metal contamination (Cu, Hg, Ni and Pb) in 82 sites
all around Mediterranean basin. In two of these sampling sites (Calvi in
Mytilus Galloprovincialis as an Indicator of Environmental Pollution along NE Coast of Adriatic
Andrej Osterc(1), Tjaša
Kanduč(1,2), Zdenka Šlejkovec(1,3),
Vekoslava Stibilj(1,4) and Andreja Ramšak(5)
(1) Jožef Stefan
Institute, Department of Environmental Science, Jamova cesta 39, 1000
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Tel: +3861 5885 355 Fax: +3861 5885 346
E-mail:
andrej.osterc@ijs.si
(2) E-mail:
tjasa.kanduc@ijs.si
(3) E-mail:
zdenka.slejkovec@ijs.si
(4) E-mail:
vekoslava.stibilj@ijs.si
(5) National Institute
of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
Tel: +386 5 671 29 32 Fax: +386 5 671 29 02
E-mail: Andreja.Ramsak@mbss.org
Abstract
Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was used as an indicator of environmental
pollution in the area of north eastern coast of Adriatic Sea. In our study we
used selected parameters (isotopic composition of carbon – δ13C
and nitrogen – δ15N) to trace carbon cycling and anthropogenic
pollution (129I, As and its species) in the marine environment. The
sentinel organism was sampled at three locations (
Fingerprinting of Phthalate
Esters in Seawater from the Golden Horn (Turkey)
Selma Ünlü(1) and
Hülya Özaltın Günday(1,2)
(1)
Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, 34116 Vefa,
Istanbul, Turkey
Tel: + 90 212 528 25 39 Fax: + 90 212 526 84 33
E-mail: su@istanbul.edu.tr
(2) E-mail:
hulyaozaltıngunday@yahoo.com
Abstract
Urbanized
and industrialized communities have various anthropogenic activities and
produce considerable amounts of municipal effluents, which are discharged along
with a wide variety of pollutants to coastal waters. Municipal effluents are
one of the major sources of pollutants for the estuaries and coastal waters.
Among these contaminants, some can persist in natural waters and potentially
have acute and chronic effects on aquatic organisms. Phthalate esters (PEs)
which are o-, m- and p- derivatives of phthalic acid have a wide variety of
industrial, agricultural and domestic applications, but by far the most
important is their usage as plasticizers that improve the flexibility and
workability of polymeric materials. Because of these properties, in the recent
years, the production and usage of PEs have increased significantly. The PEs
can migrate from the material to the environment. Since the rates of photolysis
and chemical hydrolysis of phthalate esters are very slow, metabolic breakdown
by microorganisms is considered to be one of the major routes for the
environmental degradation of these widely spread pollutants in aquatic and
terrestrial systems, such as sewage, soils, sediments, and surface waters.
o-Phthalic acid esters have been found in the seawater, sediment, fish, atolla,
shrimps and in algae, whereas p-phthalic acid dimethyl ester only in algae.
The phthalates, especially di-(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate (DEHP) are toxic marine organism and considered as important
pollutants of sea. Accordingly, for the phthalate esters analysis at trace
levels in complex matrixes, such as water samples, developing fast and reliable
analytical protocols are basically of significant importance for monitoring the
phthalate ester-contaminated samples. The chemical fingerprinting of PEs was
determined by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (at
the SIM mode). Potential risks to aquatic organisms by four commercial phthalate
esters, diethyl (DEP), di-n-butyl (DBP), butylbenzyl (BBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) were assessed using the measured and calculated
concentrations in the Golden Horn (Haliç) surface waters. DEP, DBP, BBP and DEHP were present in all the
dissolved water samples analyzed and dominated by DBP, DEHP. The total 4PEs concentrations, ranging,
respectively from 17.7 to 59.1µg/L were measured in the dissolved phases.
The analytical results on water samples showed a
direct relation of PEs levels with the input of urban or industrial treated
waste waters and the insufficiency of water circulation near the sampling point. Large-scale
survey of the PEs in multi environmental compartments is urged so as to provide
better risk assessment and to establish a standard to control the PEs in the
future.
Coastal Vulnerability,
Risks and Hazards
Coastal Vulnerability Index along the Southern Coast of the Gulf of
Corinth (Greece)
George Chalkias(1), Eleni Grigoropoulou(1,2),George Manthos(1,3),
Efthimios
Karymbalis(1,4), Maria Ferentinou(1,5) and Christos Chalkias(1,6)
(1) Department of Geography, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str.
17671 Athens, Greece,
E-mail: giorgos.chalkias@gmail.com
(2) E-mail: egrigoro@gmail.com
(3) E-mail: gmanthos007@yahoo.gr
(4) Tel: + 30-210-9549159 Fax: + 30-210-9514759
E-mail: karymbalis@hua.gr
(5) E-mail: mferen@hua.gr
(6) E-mail: xalkias@hua.gr
Abstract
The eustatic sea-level rise due to global warming is predicted to be
about 18-59 cm by the year 2100, which necessitates identification and
protection of vulnerable sections of coasts. In this study, the classification
of the south coast of the
Vulnerability of Marmaris-Fethiye Coasts, SW Turkey
Bedri Alpar(1), Yıldız Altınok(2), Ahmet Cevdet Yalçıner(3) and Selma
Ünlü(1,4)
(1) Istanbul University, Institute of Marine
Sciences and Management, 34116
Vefa,
Istanbul, Turkey
Tel: + 90
212 528 25 39 Fax: + 90 212 526 84 33
E-mail:
alparb@istanbul.edu.tr
(2) Istanbul University, Engineering Faculty,
34116 Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
Tel: + 90
212 473 70 25 Fax: + 90 212 473 71 80
E-mail:
yaltinok@istanbul.edu.tr
(3) Middle
East Technical University, Department of Civil Engineering, Ocean
Engineering
Research Center, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
Tel: + 90
312 210 54 38 Fax: + 90 312 210 18 00
E-mail:
yalciner@metu.edu.tr
(4) E-mail: su@istanbul.edu.tr
Abstract
One of the likely consequences of global climate change is an accelerated
global sea-level rise. Combined with other effects, such as land subsidence,
storm impacts and tsunamis, it could cause serious increases in coastal
vulnerability, such as loss of the shore zone accompanied by a dramatic
reduction of the width of the beaches. The deltaic areas and low-lying coastal
plains along the Marmaris-Fethiye coast,
Flood Risk Management: The Dutch Approach
CEMC Richel 12 Emmeloord 8303 KX, Netherlands
Abstract
Management of natural hazards is
one of the many facets of ICZM. Storm surges in combination with strong wind
and waves are the main hazards in coastal areas in the
Oil Spill Mapping Using Hyperspectral Methods and
Techniques
Dimitris
Sykas(1), Vassilia Karathanassi(1,2),
Charoula Andreou(1,3) and Polychronis
Kolokoussis(1,4)
(1) National
Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece
Tel:
+302107722695, Fax: +302107722594
E-mail:
dimsyk@gmail.com, dsykas@mail.ntua.gr
(2) E-mail:
karathan@survey.ntua.gr
(3) E-mail:
candreou@central.ntua.gr
(4) E-mail:
pol@survey.ntua.gr
Abstract
In the past years, oil spill events have significantly
increased posing a threat for the marine ecosystems. This strengthens the need
for an accurate mapping of the oil spill events. Apart from methods applied on
SAR imagery, optical remote sensing methods may also serve as a tool for their
detection and mapping. However unmixing methods that are mainly applied on
hyperspectral imagery are rather sparely applied for this purpose. In this
paper a new approach for detecting and mapping oil spills is presented. The
approach is based on the unmixing procedure. Initially individual endmembers or
pure classes are extracted from the image scene using endmember extraction
algorithms. Then considering that the spectral value of each pixel results from
the mixture of the spectral values of the endmembers, the value is decomposed
and the abundance fraction for each endmember is calculated. High abundance
values of the endmember that better fits to oil spectral signature delineate
the oil spill in the image. The approach was applied on several satellite and
airborne remote sensing images, such as MODIS, ASTER and SpecTIR. The images
presented 13 different oil spill events. Several endmember extraction and
abundance estimation algorithms were tested in order to find the most efficient
combination. Oil spill detection accuracy depends on the spatial and spectral
resolution of the images. ASTER and SpecTIR yielded the highest accuracy. From 12 oil spill events that were presented
in ASTER imagery, 10 oil spills were detected. MODIS yielded a moderate performance
due to its low spatial resolution. However, this method, when applied on
hyperspectral images such as SpecTIR, constitutes a reliable tool for
monitoring the marine and coastal environment.
Modelling
and Applications
HYDROTAM:
A Coastal Engineering Model Based on Cloud Computing
Lale
Balas(1), Kağan Cebe(1,2) and Nedim Akay(3)
(1) Civil Engineering Department, Engineering
Faculty, Gazi University, 06570 Maltepe/Ankara, Turkey
Tel: +903125823217
E-mail: lalebal@gazi.edu.tr
(2) E-mail: kagan.cebe@gmail.com
(3)DLTM Environmental Software Technologies Limited,
Gazi University Technology Park, Gölbaşı/Ankara, Turkey
E-mail: nakay@dltm.com.tr
Abstract
HYDROTAM is a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrated
three-dimensional, baroclinic numerical model that has been developed to
simulate the hydrodynamic and transport processes in coastal waters. The GIS
platform facilitates the time consuming task of preparation of data input and
output structures. As the infrastructure it is based on cloud computing. In its
interface all functions of the MS Silverlight framework are available to the
user in a menu driven graphical user interface (GUI). The numerical
model consists of hydrodynamic, transport and turbulence model components. In
the hydrodynamic model component, the 3D Navier–Stokes equations are solved
with the Boussinesq approximation. The transport model component consists of
the pollutant transport, water temperature and salinity transport and suspended
sediment transport models. In the turbulence model, a two-equation k–e
formulation is solved to calculate the kinetic energy of the turbulence and its
rate of dissipation, which provides the variable vertical turbulent eddy
viscosity.
BHAM: A Modelling Tool for
Bathing Water Management
Brigolin, D. (1,
3), Pastres, R. (1), Tonino, M. (3), Camuffo, M. (3)
and Soriani, S. (2, 3)
(1) Department of
Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Università Ca’ Foscari
Venezia
E-mail: brigo@unive.it
(2) Department of
Economics, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
(3) Interdepartmental centre IDEAS, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
Abstract
The present study focuses on the development of a mechanistic dynamical
model for faecal bacteria transport and inactivation along Mediterranean
beaches. Model formulation is based on a Lagrangian transport-reaction
equation. Reaction processes are simulated using a set of well established
formulations concerning E. coli and
Enterococci. The model was tested at the Chioggia sandy beach (Italy), located
along the North Western Adriatic coast, using site-specific monitoring data,
including time series of environmental forcings and bacteria counts.
Preliminary results show that the model reasonably reproduces the general
patterns of bacteria dispersion observed along the beach under the scenarios
characterising local environmental forcings. After a formal validation, such a
tool could help local communities and authorities to design and implement more
effective monitoring and management programs. In this perspective, the model
could be further improved and tuned to the specific needs of different areas by
means of a closer interaction with local stakeholders, based on participatory
methods.
Assessing Elvs/Eqss in Mediterranean Coastal Areas
Claudette Spiteri(1), Jos van Gils(1,2) and Francesco
Saverio Civili(3)
(1) Deltares, 2600 MH
Delft, The Netherlands
Tel: +31 (0)88 335 8237
Fax: +31 15 285 85 82
E-mail:
claudette.spiteri@deltares.nl
(2) E-mail:
jos.vangils@deltares.nl
(3) United Nations
Environment Programme /Mediterranean Action Plan (UNEP/MAP), 11635 Athens,
Greece
Tel:
+30 210 7273100 Fax: +30 210 7253196-7
E-mail: fscivili@unepmap.gr
Abstract
In this study, a generic methodology is developed to facilitate the
establishment of Emission Limit Values (ELVs) and Environmental Quality
Standards (EQSs) and to support the implementation of policy reforms for the
control of marine pollution. The proposed methodology is based on state-of-art
modelling tools and is applied to two selected Mediterranean hotspots; Gulf de
Lions,
Preliminary
results show that although the modelling tool available so far is highly
simplified, distinct plume behaviour is obtained in the defined mixing zone of
the two pilot locations. This implies that ELVs established for one particular
location may not be readily applicable to other locations owing to the
site-specific characteristics, accounted for in the modelling approach.
Operational
Modelling Applications for Coastal Engineering: New Developments
Alessio Giardino(1), Christophe Briére(1,2), Marco
Deserti(7), Veronica Minaya Malmonado(1,3), Paolo Reggiani(1,4), Maarten van
Ormondt(1,5), Andrea Valentini(7,8) and
Jebbe van der Werf(1,6)
(1)Deltares, Unit Marine and Coastal
Systems, Department of Morphology and Sediment Dynamics, 2600 MH Delft, The
Netherlands
Tel: +31 (0) 88 335 8132 Fax : +31 (0)88
335 8582
E-mail: alessio.giardino@deltares.nl
(2)E-mail: christophe.biere@deltares.nl
(3)E-mail: veronica.malmonado@deltares.nl
(4)E-mail: paolo.reggiani@deltares.nl
(5)E-mail: Maarten.vanOrmondt@deltares.nl
(6)E-mail: Jebbe.vanderWerf@deltares.nl
(7)ARPA - SIMC, Viale Silvani, 6, 40122 Bologna, Italy
Tel. +39 051525915 Fax.
+39 051649750
E-mail: mdeserti@arpa.emr.it
(8)E-mail:
avalentini@arpa.emr.it
Abstract
Increased
computational power in combination with the assimilation of a variety of data
sources has boosted the development of operational modelling systems for
coastal engineering. This paper describes three different ongoing developments
and applications of operational coastal modelling systems. The first concerns
the development of an operational model to simulate storm impact along the
Dutch and
A Web Tool for
the Marine Environment: The Asinara Case
Pierluigi
Cau(1), Antioco Vargiu(1,2), Elisaveta Peneva(6), Simone Manca(1,3),
Costantino Soru(1,4) Davide Muroni(1,5),
Maria Gabriella Mulas(7),
Mariano Pintus(7,8)and Giuliana Erbi(7,9)
(1) CRS4, Pula
09010, Italy,
Tel+39 070
9250281 Fax +39 0709250216
E-mail:
plcau@crs4.it
(2) E-mail:
antyv@crs4.it
(3) E-mail:
simone.manca@gmail.com
(4) E-mail:
dino.soru@gmail.com
(5) E-mail: davide85@gmail.com
(6) Sofia
University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria,
Tel +359
28161289, Fax +359 29625276
E-mail:
elfa@phys.uni-sofia.bg
(7) Regione
Autonoma della Sardegna (RAS), 09123 Cagliari, Italy,
Tel.
+39070606671, fax +390706066391
E-mail:
mmulas@regione.sardegna.it
(8) E-mail:
mpintus@regione.sardegna.it
(9) E-mail: gerbi@regione.sardegna.it
Abstract
Portals provide
useful data access functionalities, computational services and procedures for
multiple applications and databases. We have developed a GIS oriented Collaborative Working Environment (CWE) on the web,
optimized for the environmental sciences, that exposes a development framework
and a set of interactive, innovative applications based on hydrological and
oceanographic models. The General Estuarine Transport Model
(GETM – a 3D numerical hydrodynamic model) and the Soil and Water Assessment
Tool (SWAT- a watershed scale model) are coupled within a web based
technological framework optimised for data management and report production.
Modelling analysis procedures and the web framework have been tested to several
study sites around the Sardinian island (Italy). In particular, the
oceanographic model is initialised with data from the Ifremer MARS3D-Menor
model and the meteorological forcing includes the forecasted air temperature,
humidity, pressure, winds and clouds from GFS model at resolution 0.5°.
Automatic procedures download this data and perform an interpolation in the
zone of interest preparing the initial and boundary conditions for the model
simulations.
The GETM model is run operationally for the
forecasted period and results for the sea currents, temperature and salinity
are presented using the web-based friendly graphical interface. As an example,
we show the application of the tool for the case of the oil spill accident
occurred in the Asinara Gulf on 11 of January 2011.
Risk
Analysis Simulation of Tuzla Kamil Abdüş Lagoon
Banu Tansel(1) and Ata Bilgili(1,2)
(1) Maritime Faculty, Istanbul Technical University,
34940 İstanbul, Turkey
Phone: (+90)
532 326 25 06 Fax: (+90) 216 395 45 00
E-mail: ozen@itu.edu.tr
(2) E-mail: bilgili@itu.edu.tr
Abstract
Lagoons are lakes formed behind
the shores separated by land from coast, and linked to sea through a waterway.
The effects of wind, wave, current, sedimentation transportation, and bottom
structures can be defined as lagoon dynamics. With the effects of lagoon
dynamics, there occurs constant movement of water in and out between lagoons
and seas.
Sea pollution is an important factor that negatively affects the water
quality of lagoon systems with high ecological values. The aim of the study is
to present analyses which could establish the scientific evidences used in
urgent action and risk planning regarding the water quality of lagoon systems
affected by sea pollution. Kamil Abdüş Lagoon in Tuzla County of Istanbul was
chosen as study area. Mathematical model used in the hydrodynamic calculations
of lagoon were solved by different equilibriums with kinematic and dynamic
approaches. The essence of kinematic and dynamic approaches is composed of
pressure gradient and momentum equilibrium between bottom and surface stress.
Current fields were calculated through a highly resolved mesh using 2D
hydrodynamic modelling. Locations of
different numbers of Lagrange particles, left in these stream fields and
dispersed by random walks and shifts were determined under different wind and
tidal conditions in times. Thus, simulation of particle exchanges between sea
and lagoon was performed and the obtained results were analyzed. It is quite
important for emergency actions required for lagoon systems to determine the
statistically significant number of pieces that provides the fastest and the
most efficient results in the necessary decision making processes for risk
evaluation and emergency cases. According to the results of hydrodynamic
modelling, simulation results demonstrated that self-clearing time of the
lagoon showed highly significant differences depending on the number of
particles in use. Conditions including different particle numbers (65.073,
299.771 and 1.200.850) were carried out using parallel computers with 13 and 23
processors, and the results were compared. Considering the fact that
statistical reliability is increased with high particle numbers, it is observed
that Kamil Abdüş Lagoon is cleaned from the pollution effect of sea origin with
different particles between 9.1 and 12.6 days. As can be concluded, the total
number of particles used in the particle monitoring methods has a highly
significant effect on the results.
Use of Advanced Numerical Models in Beach Nourishment Projects
with Application to Two Beaches of Rhodes
Th. V. Karambas
School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University
of Thessaloniki, 54624 Thessaloniki, Greece
Tel: +30 2310 995805
E-mail:
karambas@civil.auth.gr
Abstract
In the present paper we use an advanced numerical nonlinear wave and
sediment transport model for the design of two nourishment projects in Rhodes
Island. Non linear wave transformation in the surf and swash zone is computed
by a non-linear breaking wave model based on the higher order Boussinesq
equations for breaking and non breaking waves. The new Camenen and Larson
(2007) transport rate formula involving unsteady aspects of the sand transport
phenomenon is adopted for estimating the sheet flow sediment transport rates as
well as the bed load and suspended load over ripples. Suspended sediment
transport rate is incorporated by solving the 2DH depth-integrated transport
equation for suspended sediment. Model results are compared with experimental
data (morphology evolution behind detached breakwater) and field data
(morphologies between fishtail groins). The agreement between numerical
simulations and data is quite satisfactory. The methodology is applied to
simulate sediment transport and beach evolution in soft shore protection
methods (beach nourishment and submerged breakwaters) in two beaches of
Kameiros (Rhodes, Greece).
Mussel Farm Layouts as Management Alternatives
Zoi I. Konstantinou(1), Yiannis Savvidis(4), Katerina Kombiadou(1,2) and
Yannis N. Krestenitis(1,3)
(1) Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Tel: +302310995877 Fax: +302310995649
E-mail:
zkon@civil.auth.gr
(2) E-mail:
kobiadou@civil.auth.gr
(3) E-mail:
ynkrest@civil.auth.gr
(4) Alexander
Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Nea Moudania, 63200,
Chalkidiki, Greece
Tel: +302373026457
E-mail:
savvidis@aqua.teithe.gr
Abstract
Mussel farming is a growing, low impact, economic
activity facing many challenges concerning its sustainable management. The goal
of the present work is to examine alternative spatial layouts of the long-line
mussel farm, in order to investigate their ability to support specific mussel
stocks, using a 2D depth-averaged hydrodynamic model. The results of this
modelling approach are compared to a density impact coefficient, aiming to
access the same ability, used by a management tool created for the mussel
farming area of Chalastra (NW Aegean Sea). The results show that there is
strong dependency between the flow conditions, thus the mussels’ filtering
activity, and the characteristics of the farm, the most significant of which
include the number of cultivation lines and the width of each sock.
Additionally, the ability of the density impact coefficient to capture these
dependencies is demonstrated. The presented work is a step further towards the
formulation of a comprehensive, user-friendly management tool for the area of
Chalastra and for other mussel farming sites in Greece.
Coastal Engineering
Forecasting
of Deformations of a Non-Uniform Beach on Structure Near to Cross Constructions
Yuriy I.
Dreyzis(1), Elena V. Bondareva(1,2) and Izmail G. Kantardgi(3)
(1) Sochi State University, 354000, Sochi,
Russia
E-mail: Yurid2006@yandex.ru
(2) E-mail: bondareva_05@mail.ru
(3) Moscow State Civil Engineering University, 129337, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: kantardgi@yandex.ru
Abstract
The numerical model of calculation of non-uniform transport of deposits and
rearrangements of a coastal line of a beach is offered for more authentic
estimation of dynamics (changes) of a coastal line of a beach which is combined
by a non-uniform material on structure, and at presence of a cross hydraulic
engineering construction.
Morphological Monitoring of Sand Dredging in North Adriatic Seabed for
Beach Nourishment
Nunzio De Nigris(1), Margherita Aguzzi(1,2), Sarine Manoukian(4), Gianna
Fabi(4,5),
Mentino Preti(1,3) and Renato Tedeschi(6)
(1) ARPA Emilia-Romagna, 40122 Bologna, Italy
Tel: + 39-051-528 12 21 Fax: + 39-051-528 12 61
E-mail: ndenigris@arpa.emr.it
(2) E-mail:
maguzzi@arpa.emr.it
(3) E-mail: mpreti@arpa.emr.it
(4) Istituto
di Scienze Marine (ISMAR) – CNR – 60125 Ancona, Italy
E-mail: s.manoukian@ismar.cnr.it
(5) E-mail: g.fabi@ismar.cnr.it
(6) Geomarine S.a.s., 60019 Senigallia,
Italy
E-mail: info@geomarine.it
Abstract
The Emilia-Romagna Region carried out two
nourishment projects during 2002 and 2007 using offshore sand deposits, in
order to restore about
Grain-Size
Characteristics of the Sediments of the Anapskaya Bay-Bar
Viacheslav
Krylenko(1), Ruben Kosyan(1,2),
Мarina
Krylenko(1) and Alexander Kochergin(1)
(1) Southern Branch
of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS, 353467, Gelendzhik,
Russia
Tel.: +7(86141)28281. Fax: +7 (86141) 28089.
E-mail: krylenko@mail.ru
(2) E-mail:
rkosyan@hotmail.com
Abstract
The complex hydro-lithodynamic process investigation
has been realized by the scientific team of Southern Branch of the P.P.
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS in 2010 on the Anapskaya bay-bar southern
part. Beach and bottom sediment
grain-size analysis was important component of these investigations. Potential danger of the investigated site
geosystem degradation was revealed. For
prevention of the further washout of Anapa beaches and dune blocks destruction
it is necessary making nourishment of coarse-grained sand. The volume of single backfill should make
300-400 thousands м3. Also it is
necessary to restore the artificially broken sites of the dune deposit zone and
put in order the resort accomplishment and construction in the zone of dunes
and the back part of the beach.
Erosion: A
Human Induced Threat for the NW Coasts of Rhodes Island (SE Greece)
Anagnostou,
Ch. (1), Sioulas, A. (2), Hatiris, G. (2), Karageorgis, A. (1) and Chronis, G. (1)
(1)
Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 19013 Anavyssos,
Greece,
Tel: +30 22910
76369, Fax: +30 22910 76347
E-mailchanag@ath.hcmr.gr
(2)
Hydrobiological Station of Rhodos, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Rhodos, 85100,
Greece,
Tel: +30 22410
27308, Faxl: +30 22410 78321,
E-mail: asioulas@hsr-ncmr.gr
Abstract
Rhodes is the
largest
Soft Shore Protection: Evaluation of
an Experimental Application
Constantine L. Goudas(1), Christofer A. Kapopoulos(2) and Effie T.
Psarropoulou(2,3)
(1)
University of Patras, Patras, Greece
Email : goudas.con@windowslive.com
(2) Aquaterra Eng. Firm,
Gounari 5,Patras, Greece
Tel :+30-2610-279095 Fax:+30-2610-243026
Email : ckapo@aquaterra.gr
(3) Email: epsarop@aquaterra.gr
Abstract
Out of many experimental
applications of the ‘Coastal Protection and Nourishment System’ (CPNS), a soft
shore protection arrangement, the one installed in June 1998 at the beach of
Kato Loutro, Prefecture of Corinthia, will be evaluated in respect to the
system stability, integrity, general environmental impacts, beach protection
effectiveness, and longevity, on the basis of recent field survey results after
13 years (June 1998 to April 2011) of operation. Previous evaluations of other
CPNS experiments published in 1998, 2000, and 2003 are found to be comparable
to the ones exposed here. The present evaluation is based on direct site
measurements made recently after the above time-period, during which no
maintenance was made and provides conclusive evidence that the beach treated,
is protected against many undesired impacts, i.e., erosion, coastline recession
and seabed changes that may render unfriendly the use of the beach. The types
of eroding beaches that can be treated and protected by installing this
arrangement are discussed, together with comparative comments with other soft
shore protection methods.
On the
Accuracy of Surface Wind and Wind-Wave Data
Saleh Abdalla(1), Peter A.E.M. Janssen(1,2) and Jean-Raymond Bidlot(1,3)
(1) ECMWF, Shinfield Park, RG2 9AX, Reading, UK
Tel: + 44-118-949 9703 , Fax: + 44-118-986 9450
E-mail:
Saleh.Abdalla@ecmwf.int
(2) Tel: + 44-118-949 9708 ,
E-mail: Jean.Bidlot@ecmwf.int
(3) Tel: + 44-118-949 9116 ,
E-mail: Peter.Janssen@ecmwf.int
Abstract
The available sources of surface wind and wave data can be classified: in-situ measurements, remotely sensed
observations and numerical predictions. Recent decades witnessed improvements
in the availability, coverage and accuracy of all these sources. The estimation
of the accuracy of (or better: the errors associated with) various wind and
wave data is very important for better utilisation of such data. Some of the recent efforts along this line
are reviewed. Globally for a whole year
(August 2009-July 2010), the buoy and altimeter errors for surface wind speed
were found to vary around 1 m.s-1 (which corresponds to about 11-14%
of the mean value) while those for significant wave height to vary between 0.13
and 0.25 m (about 5 to 10%). The 1-day forecast errors from the ECMWF model are
not very different. Wind speed and wave height errors have almost linear
dependency on the value of the parameter except for the model wind speed which
shows no dependency for speeds below 13 m.s-1 and linear dependency
for higher winds.
Ensemble
Forecasting on Wave Modelling
Yang-Ming
Fan(1), Shunqi Pan(4)
, Jia-Ming
Chen(1,2) and Chia
Chuen Kao(1,3)
(1) Coastal Ocean
Monitoring Center, National Cheng Kung University, 701 Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Tel: + 886 6 2744058 Fax: + 886 6 2098853
E-mail: yangming.fan@gmail.com
(2) E-mail: victorkala@gmail.com
(3) E-mail: kaoshih@tori.narl.org.tw
(4) School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of
Plymouth, PL4 8AA Plymouth, UK
Tel: +44-1752 586140 Fax: + 44 1752 586101
E-mail:
Shunqi.Pan@plymouth.ac.uk
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to quantitatively assess
the effect of uncertainties on the wave forecasts using the ensemble approach.
The ensemble method is an effective approach to assess the effect of the model
uncertainty by producing not only one, but several forecasts. The ensemble wave
modelling system was applied to the
Fetch Dependencies of the Spectral Parameters of the Wind-Waves in the Eastern Black Sea
Nihal Yılmaz(1) and Erdal Özhan(2)
(1) Mugla University, Engineering Faculty, Civil
Engineering Department, 48000, Kotekli,
Mugla, Turkey
Tel: + 90-252-2111919, Fax: + 90-252-2111912
E-mail: nyilmaz@mu.edu.tr
(2) MEDCOAST Foundation (Akdeniz Kıyı Vakfı)
Maraş Mah., Kaunos Sok., No:26, Dalyan, Ortaca,
48840 Mugla, Turkey
Tel: +90-252-2844450,
Fax: + 90-252-2844405
E-mail: ozhan@metu.edu.tr
Abstract
Fetch dependencies of spectral parameters have been
studied since 1960s by a number of researchers in various parts of the world.
Non-dimensional variables combining energy, frequency and fetch are used to
represent fetch limited growth of waves under steady wind conditions. In the
present study, in situ measurements carried out in the
Calculation Method of Tsunami Waves Run-up
Gennady Litvinenko (1) and Ivan Bazykin (2)
(1)
Marine Transport Projects Company LTD Moscow 123045, Russia
Tel: +7 (495) 792 10 21
E-mail: litgi@mail.ru
(2) FSUE «Rosmorport» Moscow 127055, Russia
Tel:
+7 (985) 364 72 38 Fax: +7 (495) 626 12
39
E-mail: I.Bazykin@rosmorport.ru
Abstract
We present a
theoretical validation of the analysis procedure of extreme solitary tsunami
waves run-up. Dependences by height calculation run-up tsunami waves on
constructions and coast for a wide range of biases of a bottom are offered.
Environmental
Impact Assessment of the Offshore and Coastal Projects
Izmail G.
Kantardgi
Moscow State Civil Engineering
University, Yaroslavskoe Shosse, 26,
129337 Moscow, Russia
Tel: + 7- 903-533 78 30
E-mail: kantardgi@yandex.ru
Abstract
The environmental impact and the relative damages of the new and
reconstructed ports, oil-gas production shelf facility, and shore protection
should be assessed at the stage of construction as well at the stage of
operation. The procedure of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been
established by the Russian federal law “On the environmental expertise”, what
was adopted in November 1995. In 2005-2011 author participated as an
independent expert or as a chair of the expert board in the federal environmental experts’ review (FEER) of the more than 100 sea ports, port facility, and offshore systems. In correlation with the Law the FEER was arranged
by Ministry of Natural Resources of
Russia. The analysed projects are
different but the main procedure of the environmental expertise is the common
one. And the main problems of the environmental impact assessment are the same,
also. The main objective of the present paper is to present the actual
examples, and to generalise the problems and to discuss the possible approaches
of their solution.
Caspian Sea Impact on Estuaries
Deformation
Homayoun Khoshravan(1) and Seyed Masoumeh Banihashemi(1,2)
(1) Caspian Sea Research
Center, Water Research Institute, Km 8 Khezerabad
Tel: +98 151 3822974 Fax: +98 151 3822967
E-mail: h_khoshravan@yahoo.com
(2) E-mail: mbanihashemi@hotmail.com
Abstract
In this
paper, the evaluating of sedimentary – morphodynamic deformation of main
estuaries of rivers in the southern coasts of the
Statistical
Analysis of 50-Years Biogeochemical Model Simulations in the Aegean Sea
Adolf Stips, Elisa
Garcia-Gorriz and Gennadi Lessin
European
Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and
Sustainability, 21027 Ispra, Italy
Tel:
+39-0332-789876
E-mail: adolf.stips@jrc.ec.europa.eu
Abstract
We perform a detailed statistical analysis of the results from 50-year
physical-biogeochemical simulations in the Mediterranean Sea. The data are
generated by the 3-D General Estuarine Transport Model - GETM for the hydrodynamic
fields and by the Fasham biogeochemical model for nutrients and chlorophyll.
The coupled model is forced with ECMWF atmospheric data, realistic bathymetry,
river discharges and riverine nutrient inputs. The horizontal resolution of the
model output is 5'x5' and the multiannual runs cover the period from 1960 to
2009. Specifically we examine here several sub-domains within the Aegean Sea
that differ in the forcing and in the nutrient inputs. We use sea-surface
temperatures and chlorophyll-a distributions derived from satellite
observations for comparison to the physical-biogeochemical model results.
The data are
analyzed with respect to autocorrelation, linear trends, non-linear functional
forms and the occurrence of breakpoints in the time series. The applied
statistical methods always comprise significance tests and confidence limits
for the investigated characteristics. It was not possible to identify a clear
regime shift in the Aegean Sea, at least not at the by Conversi et al. (2010),
proposed date for a Mediterranean regime shift at the end of the 1980s. This
must not be a contradiction, as nearly all the parameters considered in
Conversi et al. (2010) are from the Western Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea and
not from the Aegean Sea. Therefore it might be that the Aegean Sea has an own
different dynamics than the whole Mediterranean Sea. We cannot confirm the
speculated regime shift in SST at about 1998 of Raitsos et al. (2010), when
applying our statistical testing methods.
Hydrometeorological
Coastal Integrated Research in the North-Eastern Part of the Black Sea
V.S. Arkhipkin and S.S.
Mukhametov
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
Tel: +7 495 9392215 Fax: +7 495 9328836
E-mail: victor.arkhipkin@gmail.com,
11May1978@gmail.com
Abstract
Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Geography of M.V.Lomonosov Moscow
State University engage in field observations of hydrometeorological
characteristics in the base of South Branch of the Shirshov Institute of
Oceanology Russian Academy of Sciences more than 10 years. The study area is
varied topography, occupies a mountain-foreland of the Caucasian Black Sea
coast between the territories of the cities Novorossiysk and Tuapse, a length
of about 90 km and a width of 8 to 30 km.
During this work gained wide array of oceanographic observations in the
coastal zone of the north-eastern Black Sea. Studies are in the same time (late
May - mid-July and late January - early February), during this period held
steady continuous observation with a step for 5 minutes for the main
meteorological parameters and hydrological-chemical parameters of sea water
(temperature, salinity, pH , redox potential, dissolved oxygen, etc.), to
engage in a comprehensive oceanographic survey of Gelendzhik Bay area (30
stations). Surface water samples took that to determine the hydrochemical
parameters (pH, alkalinity, oxygen content, concentrations of phosphate,
silicate and nitrate concentrations of some pollutants such as petroleum
products) in laboratory conditions, as well as sampling for phytoplankton.
Using Doppler profiler observations were carried out for currents and with the
help of an acoustic wave recorder – wave observations and sea level.
Caspian Sea Bottom Scouring by Hummocky Ice
Floes
Stanislav Ogorodov(1) and Vasiliy Arkhipov(2)
(1)
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Tel:
+7-495-939 25 26 Fax. +7-495-932 88 36
E-mail: ogorodov@aha.ru
(2)
Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, Kropotkinskiy per. 6, 119034 Moscow,
Russia
Tel/Fax:
+7-495-708 39 26
E-mail:
vvarkhipov@mail.ru
Abstract
The question of assessing the intensity of ice effect on the bottom of
the
Sedimentation in the Sea Area of the Poreč Harbour
Krunoslav Škaro(1), Danijela Bogner(2) and Zvonko Gržetić(1,3)
(1) Hydrographic Institute of
the Republic of Croatia
Zrinsko Frankopanska 161, 21000 Split, Croatia
Tel: +385-21-308857; Fax: +385-21-347242
E-mail: krunoslav.skaro@hhi.hr
(2) Institute of Oceanography
and Fisheries
Šetalište I. Meštrovića
63, 21000 Split, Croatia
Tel: +385-21-408007; Fax: +385-21-358650
E-mail: bogner@izor.hr
(3) E-mail: zvonko.grzetic@hhi.hr
Abstract
The sea area of
the Poreč harbour is semi-coastal area with the size of 383900m2.
There are no surface water streams in its hinterland, but there is continual
anthropogenic influence. Due to the late Pleistocene-early Holocene
transgression that led to the creation of present Poreč harbour which
probably occurred between 7500 to 6500 years BP, a semi-closed area was formed.
Geophysical researches are carried out in October 2003, and sediment samples
were collected. Results of analyses imply Holocene sedimentation during which
up to 8 m were deposited and coarsening of the sediments towards to coast. In
the deepest layer of the core red soil (terra
rossa) was deposited with the type of clayey silt sediments. Terra rossa soil is typical for the
wider area. Its presence in the deepest layer of sediment may be autochthonous
(not eroded) and was created in the subaerial phase, or allochthonous and was
caused due to erosion of the surrounding land, and then transported and
deposited in the marine environment. It is assumed that the clayey silt (terra rossa) was found throughout the
whole area, although its actual thickness was not determined. In the whole area
sandy silt was deposited with variable thickness and above it is silty sand.
Silty sand was deposited in the coastal area which is most likely due to input
of coarse particles from the mainland, the presence of biogenic components and
erosion of the central area due to the action of currents and the increased
anthropogenic impact (dredging). The sea level rise led to coarsening of
sediment particles.
GIS and Remote Sensing Applications
GIS for
Coastal and Marine Environment – an Integrated Tool for ICZM in Razim Sinoe Lagoon
Alina
David Spinu (1), Laura Alexandrov (2) and Razvan Mateescu (1,3)
(1)University
of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography,
1 Nicolae Balcescu Blvd, Bucuresti, Romania
Tel:
0040724404084
(2) Email: alina_daiana_ct@yahoo.com
National Institute for Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”,
300 Mamaia Blvd, Constanta, Romania
Tel:
0040540870; fax: 0040241831274
Email:
laurenta05@yahoo.com;
(3) E-mail: razvan_doru@yahoo.com
Abstract
Coastal zones are different from other
spaces and require special attention.
Integrated coastal zone management is confirmed as the main needed
approach to address the particular
challenges of coastal zones. “The
ICZM Protocol” mirrors the basic principles and objectives of the
EU ICZM Recommendation and it fits in the regional sea based approach that the
EU envisages.
EU Special attention for
coastal zones is focused both to positive and negative aspects, concerning
population high density of (people), economic activities of strategic importance,
biodiversity,
climatic and human impacts, scarcity of space,
coastal erosion. Tourism
industry and unplanned urbanization induced) negative effects in the last years
by depreciation of the natural landscape, water quality, sandy dunes, vegetation
and marine ecosystem.
In this respect coastal management is necessary based on last EU
Regulations and Laws regarding ICZM, WFD and Maritime Policies. Strategic
approaches of these are based on: ecosystem approach, sustainable resources
use, climate change effects
evaluation, sound coastal
protection, sustainable
economic /job opportunities identifying and creation, cultural heritage conservation and
traditional activities development, functioning social and cultural system in the local communities access to the coast - for leisure /
landscape, general cohesion
(accessibility remote coastal settlements).
As Pilot area
proposed, “Sinoe –Razim lagoon” is the
unique aquatic complex in Romania functioning since 1980 as a coastal lagoon
with an unstable brackish water regime, connected seasonally with the sea,
nominated in the present as “transition water body with shallow water and
sandy substrate” as it is define under
the EU nomination and classification.
The graphical
representations were realized in an application of the ArcGIS data assimilation
system. The ArcGIS spatial analysis techniques were developed on
representations of spatial data (GPS data / data obtained by digitization) in a
plane model / referenced configuration, the results being represented /
overlay.
Land Cover Changes in the Coastal Peri-Urban Zone of Corinth, Greece
Christos Chalkias(1), Apostolos
Papadopoulos(1,2), Alexandros Ouils (1, 3),
Efthimios Karymbalis (1,
4) and Vassilios Detsis(1,5)
(1) Harokopio University,Department of Geography, El. Venizelou 70,
17671 Athens, Greece.
Tel: +30 210 9549 347 Fax: +30 210 9514 759
E-mail: xalkias@hua.gr
(2) E-mail: apospapa@hua.gr
(3) E-mail: a.ouils@yahoo.gr
(4) E-mail: karymbalis@hua.gr
(5) E-mail: detsis@hua.gr
Abstract
This study deals with the landscape evolution of the coastal zone along the
southern coast of
The Atmosphere's Surface Layer Pollution: GIS-Technologies Approach
Olga Arkhipova (1) and Yulia
Lychagina (1, 2)
(1) Institute of Arid
Zones of the Southern Scientific Centre RAS
344006 Rostov-on-Don,
Russia
E-mail:
arkhipova@ssc-ras.ru
(2) E-mail: sladkova@ssc-ras.ru
Abstract
The main recreational resources of the resort are the
natural resources. The development of the resort has an impact on natural
resources, as a consequence, changing the basic elements of the natural
environment: air, water, attractive
landscapes and climate. The problem of the quality of ambient air is
particularly acute in the resort
cities of the subtropical zone of Russia. Air pollution is a real threat to the recreational potential of
resorts and may be harmful to human health.
The main sources of air pollution at the resort are transport and
thermal power plant.
The aim of the study is to assess the contamination of
the atmosphere surface layer of a resort area by the emissions from major
sources.
The article gives the estimation of city's
surface layer of the atmosphere contamination caused by emission point source
using Geographical Information System methods.
The Coastal Dimension of
Maritime Spatial Planning
Vittorio Barale
Institute for Environment and
Sustainability
Joint Research Centre, European Commission
TP 272, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA),
Italy
Tel: +39 0332 789274 Fax: +39 0332 789034
E-mail: vittorio.barale@jrc.ec.europa.eu
Abstract
Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) is considered a key
instrument for the implementation of the EU Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP),
which aims to ensure the economic development of coastal and marine areas in a
sustainable manner. Coastal zones constitute the “hinge” between land and sea
developments, so that MSP must coordinate, and overlap where required, with
Integrated Coastal Management (ICM), using a common ecosystem approach. The
selection of suitable geographical units, where this approach can be taken, and
MSP/ICM applied, requires the assessment of ecological provinces, characterized
by a coherent set of environmental traits. Ideally this can be done on the
basis of synoptic Remote Sensing (RS) data, to cover space/time scales not
accessible by other means. Sample data for the Mediterranean Sea provide examples of the coverage obtainable for a set of complementary ecosystem
indicators.
SAR Data Help Improving the Monitoring of Intertidal Flats on the German
North Sea Coast
Martin Gade(1),
Kerstin Stelzer(2) and Jörn Kohlus(3)
(1) Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany,
Tel: +49 40 42838-5450, Fax: -7471,
Email: martin.gade@zmaw.de
(2) Brockmann Consult, Geesthacht, Germany,
Tel: +49 4152 889-307, Fax: -333,
Email: kerstin.stelzer@brockmann-consult.de
(3) LKN, Nationalparkverwaltung, Tönning, Germany,
Tel: +49 4861 616-46, Fax: -69,
Email: joern.kohlus@lkn.landsh.de
Abstract
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data have been
included into an existing monitoring system to complement the classification of
sediments, macrophytes, and mussels in the German Wadden Sea. Whereas
the use of satellite-borne optical sensors in northern latitudes is strongly
limited by clouds and haze, SAR data allow earth observation that is independent
of cloud coverage and daytime. SAR data
acquired at different radar bands (L, C, and X band, from ALOS PALSAR, ERS SAR
and ENVISAT ASAR, and TerraSAR-X, respectively) have been used to analyse their
potential for crude sediment classification on dry-fallen intertidal flats and
for detecting benthic fauna such as
blue mussel or oyster beds. In addition,
we demonstrate that high-resolution SAR data can be used to detect residuals of
historical land use, in intertidal areas that were lost to the sea during major
storm surges in the 13th and 17th centuries.
Coastal Radar “WERA”: A Tool for Risk Management
Thomas Helzel(1), Markus Valentin(1) and Nicolas Thomas(2)
(1) Helzel Messtechnik GmbH, Carl-Benz-Str. 9, Kaltenkirchen, Germany
Tel: +49-4191-95200 Fax:
+49-4191-952040
E-mail: helzel@helzel.com
(2) Actimar, 36 quai de la Douane, 29200 Brest, France
Tel: +33 2 98 44 24 51 Fax: +33 2 98 46
91 04
E-mail: thomas@actimar.fr
Abstract
The HF-Coastal Radar “WERA” is a shore based remote sensing system to
monitor ocean surface currents, waves and wind direction. This very reliable
long range and high resolution monitoring
system based on over-the-horizon radar technology. Due to the outstanding
accuracy WERA can provide reliable data on a user defined grid. These data can
be assimilated into numerical oceanographic models. In case of accidents in a
distance of up to 200 km off the coast the real-time ocean surface current data
can help Search and Rescue (SAR) operators. Results of various experiments at
the French coast near
Satellite Observations of Eddies in Coastal Zones
Svetlana Karimova
Space Research
Institute of RAS, Moscow, 117997, Russia
Tel: +7-495-333 42 56 Fax: +7-495-333
10 56
E-mail: feba@list.ru
Abstract
In the paper, a
methodology of eddy observation in coastal zones of the Mediterranean seas
using satellite radar imagery as well as infrared and optical images is
presented. Among the regions of interest there are the Baltic, Black and
Caspian seas. The dataset used includes Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture
Radar (ASAR) and ERS-2 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), NOAA Advanced Very High
Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
(MODIS) images. Potentials of the data mentioned for retrieving hydrodynamic
features of coastal waters are shown. As a result of statistical analysis of
the imagery mentioned the areas with especially frequent generation of submeso-
and mesoscale eddies were defined.
Monitoring
Surface Pollutants Using WERA HF Radar
Z. Kokkini
(1), V. Zervakis (1, 2) and S. Kyriakides (1, 3)
(1) Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean
GR - 81100, Mytilene, Greece
Tel: +30-22510-36854, Fax: +30-22510-36809
E-mail: mar01045@mar.aegean.gr
(2) Tel: +30-22510-36842 E-mail: zervakis@marine.aegean.gr
(3) E-mail: mar04049@marine.aegean.gr
Abstract
The University of the Aegean and the Hellenic Center of Marine Research
have jointly installed a WERA HF radar system at the eastern coast of Lemnos
island for monitoring the surface Dardanelles current, consisting of Black Sea
originated waters entering the North Aegean Sea. As the Dardanelles are characterized
by a continuous surface outflow into the northeastern Aegean, it constitutes a
constant potential point source of pollution for the region. Through the
HF-radar monitoring we are thus able to simulate the drift of a virtual
passively drifting pollutant at the surface layer east of Lemnos Island. To
that aim, a pseudo-Lagrangian method was developed, where virtual surface
drifters alias the position of the pollutant. In order to obtain statistical
estimates of pollutant dispersion, we deploy several virtual drifters at
selected areas of the HF radar coverage area, and record their tracks by
time-integration of their velocities using successive sea-surface current maps.
Each virtual drifter is followed until either it lands on a shore, or it leaves
the radar coverage area. Direct estimates of horizontal dispersion coefficient
are obtained through the assessment of the temporal evolution of the standard
deviation of the drifter positions. The decorrelation scale method, assuming
horizontal homogeneity of turbulence. Real sea-surface drifters of a design
similar to CODE type have been deployed in the area within field studies that
have taken place in the framework of the "MedEX" project.
Comparison between the tracks and velocitie